Midterm 1 Part 1 Flashcards
commercial pet foods are _______ and supply all nutrients except ____
total mixed rations
water
list all 5 components of a total mixed ration pet food diet
energy (carb, fat, protein)
protein (essential amino acids)
essential fatty acids
minerals
vitamins
commercial pet foods are consumed to meet ______
caolic requirements
what does “complete and balanced” mean regarding commercial pet foods?
the food provides all nutrients in proportion to energy and all nutrient requirements are met when caloric needs are met including the quantity of nutrients and the ratio of nutrients
energy requirements vary with what 4 things?
life stage, activity level, environment, and underlying disease
what are the three potential energy sources?
carbs, fat, and protein
______ determines food intake
caloric density
what is the function of protein in a commercial pet food?
can provide energy, but mostly to supply essential amino acids ( body can’t make them, they need to be consumed)
protein quality in a pet food depends on what 3 things?
essential amino acid content, caloric content, and digestibility?
why are animal proteins higher quality?
they have a better essential amino acid profile
the total protein content needed in a food is determined by what is required to supply ______
essential amino acids
essential amino acids are more efficiently used as _______ increases
nonprotein calorie content such as carbs and fats
what can you add to a ration to make it more palatable?
fat
____ is highest in canned foods and lowest in dry foods on a DM basis
fat
what are the essential fatty acids for dogs and cats
linoleic acid and linolenic acid for dogs
arachadonic acid for cats
essential fatty acids are required at ____% DM
2
how are minerals usually added to a ration?
as a part of a purified premix
what are the two major considerations when adding minerals into a ration?
meeting the absolute requirement for each mineral, AND maintaining proper ratios of the minerals (Ca:P ratio important)
what are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
water soluble vitmains like B vitamins as well as the fat soluble vitamins are added to feed in what way?
in a premix, just like with minerals
is there a definitive requirement for vitamin C in dogs and cats?
no
true or false: vitamins are usually added in excess because vitamins may be lost during processing and storage
true
which vitamins may be destroyed by heat of extrusion of canning?
A and B vitamins
lipid peroxidation consumes which vitamin?
vitamin E
why is it important to analyze food after processing and storage?
to ensure adequacy of vitamins
the primary goal of food additives is to
make the food desirable both to the consumer and to the animal
dry foods are usually expanded, which means what?
it starts as a liquid, then pushed through a meat grinder like thing and air is injected into it
historically, dry foods are high in ____ and low in _____
vegetable protein, fat
dry foods can be bulk limiting because…
the food can be too air filled making it have low as fed calories
maintenance type dry dog food has what percentage of protein calories, fat calories, and carbohydrate calories?
25%, 20%, 55%
high water content in canned foods can have what effect?
dilution of calories and nutrients on an as fed basis
most of the energy on DM basis in canned foods is due ti ____
fat content
compared to dry foods, canned foods are higher in ____ and lower in _____
animal source protein and fat
carbohydrates
canned dog food typically has what percentage of protein calories, fat calories, and carbohydrate calories?
40%, 50%, 10-15%
_____ food has more calories on a DM basis compared to _____
canned
dry
