Midterm 1 Part 1

Question 1

commercial pet foods are _______ and supply all nutrients except ____

Answer 1

total mixed rations
water

Question 2

list all 5 components of a total mixed ration pet food diet

Answer 2

energy (carb, fat, protein)
protein (essential amino acids)
essential fatty acids
minerals
vitamins

Question 3

commercial pet foods are consumed to meet ______

Answer 3

caolic requirements

Question 4

what does “complete and balanced” mean regarding commercial pet foods?

Answer 4

the food provides all nutrients in proportion to energy and all nutrient requirements are met when caloric needs are met including the quantity of nutrients and the ratio of nutrients

Question 5

energy requirements vary with what 4 things?

Answer 5

life stage, activity level, environment, and underlying disease

Question 6

what are the three potential energy sources?

Answer 6

carbs, fat, and protein

Question 7

______ determines food intake

Answer 7

caloric density

Question 8

what is the function of protein in a commercial pet food?

Answer 8

can provide energy, but mostly to supply essential amino acids ( body can’t make them, they need to be consumed)

Question 9

protein quality in a pet food depends on what 3 things?

Answer 9

essential amino acid content, caloric content, and digestibility?

Question 10

why are animal proteins higher quality?

Answer 10

they have a better essential amino acid profile

Question 11

the total protein content needed in a food is determined by what is required to supply ______

Answer 11

essential amino acids

Question 12

essential amino acids are more efficiently used as _______ increases

Answer 12

nonprotein calorie content such as carbs and fats

Question 13

what can you add to a ration to make it more palatable?

Answer 13

fat

Question 14

____ is highest in canned foods and lowest in dry foods on a DM basis

Answer 14

fat

Question 15

what are the essential fatty acids for dogs and cats

Answer 15

linoleic acid and linolenic acid for dogs
arachadonic acid for cats

Question 16

essential fatty acids are required at ____% DM

Answer 16

2

Question 17

how are minerals usually added to a ration?

Answer 17

as a part of a purified premix

Question 18

what are the two major considerations when adding minerals into a ration?

Answer 18

meeting the absolute requirement for each mineral, AND maintaining proper ratios of the minerals (Ca:P ratio important)

Question 19

what are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 19

A, D, E, K

Question 20

water soluble vitmains like B vitamins as well as the fat soluble vitamins are added to feed in what way?

Answer 20

in a premix, just like with minerals

Question 21

is there a definitive requirement for vitamin C in dogs and cats?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

true or false: vitamins are usually added in excess because vitamins may be lost during processing and storage

Answer 22

true

Question 23

which vitamins may be destroyed by heat of extrusion of canning?

Answer 23

A and B vitamins

Question 24

lipid peroxidation consumes which vitamin?

Answer 24

vitamin E

Question 25

why is it important to analyze food after processing and storage?

Answer 25

to ensure adequacy of vitamins

Question 26

the primary goal of food additives is to

Answer 26

make the food desirable both to the consumer and to the animal

Question 27

dry foods are usually expanded, which means what?

Answer 27

it starts as a liquid, then pushed through a meat grinder like thing and air is injected into it

Question 28

historically, dry foods are high in ____ and low in _____

Answer 28

vegetable protein, fat

Question 29

dry foods can be bulk limiting because...

Answer 29

the food can be too air filled making it have low as fed calories

Question 30

maintenance type dry dog food has what percentage of protein calories, fat calories, and carbohydrate calories?

Answer 30

25%, 20%, 55%

Question 31

high water content in canned foods can have what effect?

Answer 31

dilution of calories and nutrients on an as fed basis

Question 32

most of the energy on DM basis in canned foods is due ti ____

Answer 32

fat content

Question 33

compared to dry foods, canned foods are higher in ____ and lower in _____

Answer 33

animal source protein and fat carbohydrates

Question 34

canned dog food typically has what percentage of protein calories, fat calories, and carbohydrate calories?

Answer 34

40%, 50%, 10-15%

Question 35

_____ food has more calories on a DM basis compared to _____

Answer 35

canned dry