Midterm 1 Material Flashcards
What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?
a) emotional regulation
b) sensory relay center
c) memory storage
d) motor control
b) sensory relay center
Which part of the brain is associated with the initiation of voluntary motor control and responses, as well as the reward process related to dopamine production?
a) basal ganglia
b) hippocampus
c) thalamus
d) amygdala
a) basal ganglia
What is the role of the substantia nigra in the brain and what condition is associated with its dysfunction?
a) memory function; Epilepsy
b) motor function; Parkinson’s disease
c) sensory processing; Alzheimer’s disease
d) emotional regulation; Schizophrenia
b) motor function; Parkinson’s disease
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the brain?
a) emotional regulation
b) motor control
c) spatial learning and navigation
d) sensory processing
c) spatial learning and navigation
Which part of the brain is essential for motivated behaviors such as feeding, fighting, flight, and sex, and is involved in the H.P.A axis?
a) thalamus
b) amygdala
c) cerebellum
d) hypothalamus
d) hypothalamus
What is the function of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?
a) visual processing
b) auditory processing
c) emotional regulation
d) motor control
a) visual processing
Which part of the brain is associated with fine motor control, coordination, and feedback to ensure motor responses reach their intended goal?
a) reticular formation
b) pons
c) cerebellum
d) medulla
c) cerebellum
What is the primary function of the reticular formation in the brainstem?
a) emotional regulation
b) motor control
c) physiological functions
d) sensory processing
c) physiological functions
Which part of the brain is responsible for the reinforcement and reward process related to dopamine production, particularly in response to rewarding stimuli?
a) substantia nigra
b) nucleus accumbens
c) hippocampus
d) amygdala
b) nucleus accumbens
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain and what type of functions is it primarily associated with?
a) sensory processing; visual stimuli
b) memory formation; spatial learning
c) motor control; fine motor skills
d) emotional processing and regulation; fear and threat stimuli
d) emotional processing and regulation; fear and threat stimuli
Which subdiscipline of neuroscience focuses on the study of brain disorders?
a) biopsychology
b) neuropathology
c) developmental neurobiology
d) ethoexperimental psychology
e) neuroendocrinology
b) neuropathology
The most likely explanation for Jimmy G’s memory loss is
a) Alcohol directly causes Korsakoff’s syndrome and memory deficits
b) Alcoholics have inherently worse memory than non-alcoholics
c) The vitamin deficiency associated with alcoholism causes the brain damage that results in the symptoms of Korsakoff’s syndrome, including memory loss
d) Alcohol destroys the hippocampus, which is an important brain structure for memory functions
e) Alcohol is associated with excess thiamine, which impairs memory ability
c) The vitamin deficiency associated with alcoholism causes the brain damage that results in the symptoms of Korsakoff’s syndrome, including memory loss
Interneurons
a) have several axons and no dendrites
b) integrate the activity within a single brain structure
c) have one long axon and one short dendrite
d) have two short axons
e) have bipolar axons
b) integrate the activity within a single brain structure
DNA methylation
a) inhibits DNA transcription
b) enhances DNA transcription
c) causes changes to the DNA sequence
d) increases the frequency of DNA mutations
e) all of the above
a) inhibits DNA transcription
The term “between-subjects design” refers to experiments in which
a) each subject is exposed to each condition of the experiment
b) some groups of subjects receive drug injections
c) invasive procedures are used, that is, those in which the internal physiology of the subjects is manipulated
d) a different group of subjects is tested in each condition of the experiment
e) all of the above
d) a different group of subjects is tested in each condition of the experiment
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
a) many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA
b) various kinds of small RNA molecules
c) histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can
influence gene expression
d) DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Neurons with one axon and several dendrites emanating from the soma are classified as
a) motor
b) autonomic
c) multipolar
d) bipolar
e) unipolar
c) multipolar
Deterioration of the pathway from the substantia nigra to the striatum is often found in cases of
a) Korsakoff’s syndrome
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) autism
d) Alzheimer’s disease
e) multiple sclerosis
b) Parkinson’s disease
Which structure of the diencephalon regulates the pituitary?
a) snot gland
b) hypothalamus
c) medial geniculate
d) cerebellum
e) nasal mucosa
b) hypothalamus
Interneurons
a) don’t conduct signals from one structure to another; they integrate activity within
a single brain structure
b) have two short axons but no dendrites
c) have one long axon and one short dendrite
d) have several short axons and no dendrites
e) have bipolar axons and no dendrites
a) don’t conduct signals from one structure to another; they integrate activity within
a single brain structure
A term that refers to higher intellectual processes such as thought, memory, and attention is
a) “cognition”
b) “motivation”
c) “emotions”
d) “prosody”
e) “IQ”
a) “cognition”
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
a) quasiexperiments
b) case studies
c) true experiments
d) randomized experiments
e) unethical
a) quasiexperiments
In general, the brain stem regulates
a) thinking
b) memory
c) emotion
d) reflex activities critical for survival
e) vision
d) reflex activities critical for survival
Structure is to function as
biopsychology is to
a) psychology
b) neuroanatomy is to neurophysiology
c) neuropathology is to clinical psychology
d) neuroscience is to biopsychology
e) biopsychology is to neuroscience
b) neuroanatomy is to neurophysiology
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
a) convergent
b) analogous
c) homologous
d) both A and C
e) both B and C
b) analogous
The neural structure situated nearest the opening connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
a) substantia nigra
b) periaqueductal gray
c) red nucleus
d) superior colliculi
e) cerebral aqueduct
b) periaqueductal gray
If an individual has a recessive phenotype for a particular trait, it can be concluded that:
a) both parents also had a recessive phenotype for that trait
b) only one parent had a recessive phenotype for that trait
c) both parents were not homozygous for the recessive gene for that trait
d) both parents were homozygous for the dominant gene for that trait
e) both A and C
d) both parents were homozygous for the dominant gene for that trait
Clusters of neural cell bodies in the CNS are called
a) neurons
b) ganglia
c) nerves
d) nuclei
e) buttons
d) nuclei
