Midterm 1 LAT101B Grammar Flashcards
How is future tense formed for 1st and 2nd conjugations?
2nd principal part , drop -re
+
- bo
- bis
- bit
- bimus
- bitis
- bunt
How is future tense formed for 3rd and 4th conjugations?
1st principal part, drop -o
+
- am
- es
- et
- emus
- etis
- ent
Conjugate to futurum: Sum, esse
ero eris erit erimus eritis erunt
Conjugate to futurum: eo, ire
ibo ibis ibit ibimus ibitis ibunt
What is a present participle?
Verbal adjective.
-ing
Present participle case endings, masculine/feminine sing and plur
Nom: ns Gen: ntis Dat: nti Acc: ntem Abl: nti
Nom: ntes Gen: ntium Dat: ntibus Acc: ntes Abl: ntibus
Present participle case endings, neuter sing and plur
Nom: ns Gen: ntis Dat: nti Acc: ns Abl: nti
Nom: ntia Gen: ntium Dat: ntibus Acc: ntia Abl: ntibus
What is special about the UNUS NAUTA adjectives?
their adjectives end with
GEN SING: -ius
and
DAT SING: -i
State the words of UNUS NAUTA and translate them
Ullus, -a, -um any
Nullus, -a, -um not any
Unus, -a, -um one
Solus, -a, -um alone, only
Neuter, neutra, neutrum neither Alter, altera, alterum the other (of two) Uter, utra, utrum either/which (of two) Totus, -a, -um whole, eintire Alius, -a, -ud another, other
What is a demonstrative?
Word used to point out or emphasize the nouns to which they refer.
ipse, ipsa, ipsum etc.
This one, that, these, those
What is the imperfect tense used for and how is it formed?
“used to” – verb
1st/2nd conjugations:
2nd principal part - RE + ending
3rd/4th conjugations:
1st principal part - O + ending
Endings of the imperfect tense 1st and 2nd conjugations
- bam
- bas
- bat
- bamus
- batis
- bant
Endings of the imperfect tense 3rd and 4th conjugations
- ebam
- ebas
- ebat
- ebamus
- ebatis
- ebant
Conjugate to imperfect: Sum, esse
eram eras erat eramus eratis erant
What is the pluperfect tense?
“had.. done something”
How is the pluperfect tense formed and what are the endings?
Perfect stem (3rd principal part -i) + ending
eram eras erat eramus eratis erant
(note, they are identical to the imperfect forms of sum, esse)
How is the perfect tense formed and what are the endings?
Perfect stem (3rd principal part -i) + ending
i isti it imus istis erunt
What’s the difference between hic, haec, hoc and ille, illa, illud?
Hic, haec, hoc refers to this/these and ille, illa, illud refers to that, those (farther away or mentioned eralier)
Decline Hic, haec, hoc
Nom: Hic (M), Haec(F), Hoc (N) Gen: Huius Dat: Huic Acc: Hunc (M), Hanc(F), Hoc(N) Abl: Hoc(MN), Hac(F)
Nom:Hi(M), Hae(F), Haec(N) Gen: Horum(MN), Harum(F) Dat: His Acc: Hos(M), Has(F), Haec(N) Abl:His
Decline ille, illa, illud
Nom: ille(M), illa(F), illud(N) Gen: illius Dat: illi Acc: illium(M), illiam(F), illud(N) Abl: illo(MN), illa(F)
Nom: illi(M), illae(F), illa(N) Gen: illorum(MN), illarum(F) Dat: illis Acc: illos(M), illas(F), illa(N) Abl: illis
How are comparatives usually formed?
By adding
-ior (MF)
or
-ius(N)
to an adjective followed by 3rd declension endings
How are superlatives usually formed?
Exceptions?
By adding -issimus, -a, -um to the stem
If the masc nominative singular ends in -er. Then
-rimus, -a, -um is added to the stem (miser => miserrimus, -a, -um)
If they end with -lis, then -limus, -a, -um is added to the stem. (facilis => facillimus, -a, -um)
1st declension case endings
Nom: a Gen: ae Dat: ae Acc: am Abl: a
Nom: ae Gen: arum Dat: is Acc: as Abl: is
2nd declension case endings
Nom: er/ir Gen: i Dat: o Acc: um Abl: o
Nom: i Gen: orum Dat: is Acc: os Abl: is
3rd declension case endings
Nom: X Gen: is Dat: i Acc: em (neuter, same as nom) Abl: e
Nom: es (a neuter) Gen: um Dat: ibus Acc: es (a neuter) Abl: ibus
