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Latin 101 > An Attempt to Learn Grammar > Flashcards

An Attempt to Learn Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

Nominative endings of the first declension

A

-a

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2
Q

Nominative endings of the second declension

A

us (also er)

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3
Q

How do I know if a word belongs to the third declension?

A

There is no fixed nominative ending but the genetive singular will end with -is if it’s a third declension noun.

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4
Q

List the nominative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.

A

1st: -a, -ae
2nd: -er/us, -i
3rd: -X, -es

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5
Q

What is the nominative case used for?

A 
Subject
Subject complement(modifies the subject, for example: Ille vir est pater meus. Pater modifies vir and is therefore nominative)
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6
Q

List the genetive case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.

A

1st: -ae, -arum
2nd: -i, -orum
3rd: -is, -um

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7
Q

What is the genetive case used for?

A

Possesion
Of the whole
Description (Vir multorum amicorum)
Indefinite value (ova multi constant)

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8
Q

List the dative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.

A

1st: -ae, -is
2nd: -o, -is
3rd: -i, -ibus

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9
Q

What is the dative case used for?

A 
Indirect object (recipient)
Compound verbs (tabernae appropinquant)
Some verbs (faveo, placeo, studeo. Kinda where the upcoming noun is a recipient)
Adjectives (eg. bonus-good for, also where the noun can be seen as a recipient)
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10
Q

List the accusative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.
(differentiate between gender)

A 
1st: -am, -as
2nd M: -um, -os
2nd N: -um, -a
3rd M/F: em, -es
3rd N: Sing = whatever the nominative is. plur -a
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11
Q

What is the accusative case used for?

A

Direct object
Some prepositions that take the accusative
Duration of time

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12
Q

List the ablative case endings of the first three declension. Sing and plur.

A

1st: -a, -is
2nd: -o, -is
3rd: -e/i, -ibus

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13
Q

What is the ablative case used for?

A 
Separation
Position (stationary, accusative if motion)
Time when
Time within
Price
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14
Q

What are participles?

A

Verbs working as adjectives (-ing verbs)

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15
Q

List the case endings of participles (differentiate between Mask/fem/neut)

A 
Singularis Fem/mask - Neut
Nom: ns - ns
Gen: ntis - ntis
Dat: nti - nti
Acc: ntem -ns
Abl: nti - nti
Pluralis
Nom: ntes - ntia
Gen: ntium - ntium
Dat: ntibus - ntibus
Acc: ntes - ntia
Abl: ntibus - ntibus
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16
Q

What is special about the UNUS NAUTA words?

A

They are adjectives that in genetive singular and dative singular are irregular.
Genetive singular always ends with ius and dative singular always end with i. Regardless of gender.

17
Q

List the UNUS NAUTA words and translate them

A

Ullus, -a, -um – Any
Nullus, -a, -um – No, none
Unus, a, um – One
Solus, -a, -um – alone, only

Neuter, neutra, neutrum -- neither
Alter, altera, alterum -- the other
Uter, utra, utrum -- either, which
Totus, -a, -um -- whole/entire
Alius, -a, -ud -- another/other
18
Q

What endings of the third declension will always be neuter?

A

-en, -e and -us

19
Q

What does it mean that an adjective is an 2-1-2 adjective?

A

Masculine and neuter will follow the 2nd declension and feminine will follow the 1st.

20
Q

Which adjectives are third declension adjectives?

A

i-stems

21
Q

Ending 2nd principal part 1st conjugation verbs

A

Are (long A)

22
Q

Ending 2nd principal part 2nd conjugation verbs

A

Ere (Long E)

23
Q

Ending 2nd principal part 3rd conjugation verbs

A

ere (short e)

24
Q

Ending 2nd principal part 4th conjugation verbs

A

Ire (long I)

25
Q

Endings of the four principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs

A

o, are, avi, atum

ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatum

26
Q

Endings of the four principal parts of 2nd conjugation verbs

A

eo, ere, ui, itum

Habeo, habere, habui, habitum

27
Q

Endings of the four principal parts of 3rd conjugation verbs

A

o, ere, i, us

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus

28
Q

Endings of the four principal parts of 3rd conjugation i-stem verbs

A

io, ere, i, us

incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus

29
Q

Endings of the four principal parts of 4th conjugation verbs

A

io, ire, ivi, itum/itus

aduio, audire, audivi, auditum

30
Q

Futurum endings 1st and 2nd conjugations.

What proceeds the endings?

A
  • bo
  • bis
  • bit
  • bimus
  • bitis
  • bunt

2nd principal part, drop -re

31
Q

Futurum endings 3rd and 4th conjugations

A
  • am
  • es
  • et
  • emus
  • etis
  • ent

1st principal part, drop o

32
Q

Conjugate sum, esse present tense

A

sum
es
est

sumus
estis
sunt

33
Q

Conjugate sum, esse future

A

ero
eris
erit

erimus
eritis
erunt

34
Q

Conjugate eo, ire present

A

eo
is
it

imus
itis
eunt

35
Q

Conjugate eo, ire future

A

ibo
ibis
ibit

ibimus
ibitis
ibunt

36
Q

What’s imperfect?

A

Continuous action in the past. Incomplete

37
Q

How to form imperfect?

A

2nd principal part -re +ba + personal ending

Ambulabam
ambulabat
ambulabat
ambulabamus
ambulabatis
ambulabant
38
Q

Endings perfect tense

A

i
isiti
it

imus
istis
erunt

Latin 101 (27 decks)

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