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ANTH 100A > Midterm 1 (Doing Anthropology to Bodies) > Flashcards

Midterm 1 (Doing Anthropology to Bodies) Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of Cultural Anthropology

A

To make the familiar strange and the strange familiar

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2
Q

How is anthropological writing like a mobius strip?

A

When reading anthropological writing, you experience a seamless back and forth movement between strangeness and familiarity or outside to inside.

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3
Q

Anthropologists as in-between figures

A

Anthropologists are in-between their own culture and the culture of a remote place, the fieldsite.

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4
Q

Anthropologist like a hinge

A

Like a breach and a joint, anthropological research involves a conjunction of two opposite ideas: familiarity and strangeness. Anthropologists are always in motion between home and the fieldsite.

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5
Q

Anthropologist like a storyteller

A

They travel far and return home to tell the story “ethnography” of other people.

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6
Q

Ethnography

A

Both describes and analyzes a particular culture and society

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7
Q

Anthropologist like a detective

A

Culture is a mystery that anthropologists investigate; see people they work with as informants. *Note: Anthropology has history with military complicity and colonialism

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8
Q

What do our cultural perspectives shape?

A

Perceptions and expectations

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9
Q

Fieldwork method

A

Firsthand participant-observation: assembling and interpreting one’s own data rather than relying on others

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10
Q

Armchair Anthropology

A

Anthropologists didn’t leave their homes and relied on the accounts of others e.g. missionaries.

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11
Q

Ethnographic research (fieldwork)

A

Most significant method of gleaning data; doing research in a fieldsite (usually small-scale society for at least 1 year)

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12
Q

Ultimate goal of ethnographic research

A

Malinowski: to grasp the native’s POV (learning local language), his relation to life, realize his vision of his world

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13
Q

Major techniques in ethnographic research

A

Participant-observation and interviewing

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14
Q

Culture

A

We have shared, taken-for-granted assumptions and predictable disagreements about proper behavior with people who we have never spoken to.

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15
Q

Culture is “griffbereit”

A

Ready-at-hand; we might notice something only when it goes wrong

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16
Q

Culture is “vorhanden”

A

Present-at-hand; when something loses its usefulness and soon must be fixed or replaced

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17
Q

Culture vs. Society

A

Culture is a distinctive way of life of a society. A society is a group of people who interact and cooperate with each other toward certain goals.

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18
Q

Anthropology

A

A holistic approach to the study of human behavior: what it means to be human

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19
Q

Subfields of Anthropology

A

Archaeology, Biological, Cultural, Linguistic, Applied

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20
Q

Archaeology

A

Study of human culture through excavation of human remains

21
Q

Biological Anthropology

A

Study of human evolution, how we’re biologically different or similar to other animal species

22
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A

Study of living communities, describes and analyzes their beliefs about their social and material worlds and how it affects their behavior through on-site fieldwork

23
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

Study of language and other symbols as a means of communication

24
Q

Applied Anthropology

A

Using data anthropologists to solve social/legal/business problems

25
Q

Synchronic (vs. diachronic) method

A

Drawing up the rules and regularities (permanent and fixed) of tribal life

26
Q

Scientific approach of ethnographic research

A

Against amateurism, finding commonalities/regularities but also deviations, being explicit about methods, organized and exhaustive presentation of data, framing questions (no pernicious preconceived ideas), systematic data collection

27
Q

Ethnographic conversation

A

Avoiding abstract, sociological terms and getting at the experiential and emotive

28
Q

Functionalism

A

All aspects of social life are designed to serve basic needs: biological needs are met indirectly through culture (“anatomy of culture”), are vital and interrelated

29
Q

Ethical principles of human subject research

A

Principle of care and informed consent

30
Q

Principle of care

A

Take care of the informants because investigators (ethnographers) generally gain more than they do

31
Q

Informed consent

A

Process that reveals the nature and purpose of our studies for participants to make informed decisions

32
Q

Ethical practices of human subject research

A

Anonymity, Deception (not done), Sex and Intimacy (best avoided), Doing good and compensation, Taking leave, Accurate portrayal

33
Q

Cultural anthropology rejects reductionism

A

Doesn’t reduce complex ideas to simple ones, instead a substitution of a complexity that is more intelligible for one which is less

34
Q

Social evolutionism

A

Describing the life practices of other people by reducing them to fantasized evolutionary schemes

35
Q

Cultural anthropology problematizes rigid boundaries

A

Between nature and culture; looking for man internally instead of looking for Man beyond his customs is in danger of losing sight of him altogether

36
Q

Uni-lineal evolution (armchair anthropologists)

A

Humans are located in one of three cultural stages: progresses from primitive state to advanced state

37
Q

3 cultural stages of uni-lineal evolution

A

Savagery, Barbarism, and Civilization

38
Q

Problematizing the duality of nature and culture

A

Geertz: Culture is not a later-added addition. Humans are fundamentally cultural creatures. Nature and culture mutually co-construct one another, boundaries are porous.

39
Q

Characteristics of bodies

A

Bodies are cultural, political, and economic

40
Q

Cultural bodies

A

Cultural senses of our bodies vary across and within cultures, are reflected in and shaped by our perceptions of our bodies and our bodily practices

41
Q

Political bodies

A

Female body symbolizes the nation (land mass and boundaries) while male bodies represent nations as heads of state and its defenders; shaped by regulations and metrics by state

42
Q

Economic bodies

A

Bodies create economic capital and represent economic statuses.

43
Q

Local biologies

A

There is no one universal, material body. The end of menstruation is a biosocial and biocultural process.

44
Q

Nature vs. Technology

A

No clear boundary between natural and technological

45
Q

Cyborg

A

Organism to which exogenous components have been added to adapt to new environments

46
Q

Posthumanism

A

Critically questions the conventional conception of “human” as clearly separated from non-humans, including technological objects

47
Q

Cyborg anthropology

A

Studies the human-technology interface

48
Q

Cultural Imperialism

A

Values, practices, and meanings of a powerful foreign culture are imposed upon other cultures

49
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

It is not our place to judge or interfere other cultures (too late not to), rather just try to understand (passive).

ANTH 100A (3 decks)

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