Midterm # 1 Chapter 8/9 Flashcards
first intercollegiate sport event
havard vs. yale
rowing
idea developed from tourism and economic development
size and significance of collegiate athletics
increasingly global
increasing media rights, licensing deals, ticket sales, audience share
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
largest and most ifluential college sport governing body in U.S.
membership seperated in 3 divisions
football subdivision in the NCAA
football bowl subdivision (FBS)
football championship subdivision (FCS)
Responsibilities of the board of governors of the NCAA
reolving litigation
policy positions
budget approval
what governances are below the board of governance
each division has two bodies that work together
National College Players Association
not organized players´ association
works outside the scope of the NCAA - soft influence
who does the National College Players Association work together with
public policy makers
government officials
other national governance bodies within collegiate athletics
National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA)
National Chrisitan College Athletic Association (NCCAA)
governance of 2-year institutions
national junior college athletic association (NJCAA)
california community college athletic association (CCCAA)
until when did the NCAA not support women´s athletic competition
1981
main functions of athletic conferences
make rules and regulations
negotiate TV contracts and revenue distribution
why do schools try to change conferences
to increase their revenue
early history of athletic conferences
1895 - prevent pro athletes from enrolling in schools part time
paycheck game
smaller school gets a check from bigger school for game
TV exposure for smaller school
practice partner for bigger school
what does the equity in athletics disclosure act (EADA) include
gender equity
title IX
reveue, expenses, profit
calculation for profit
revenue - expenses
revenue in D III schools
institutional funds
ticket sales
licensing & merch
mostly internal source
what are the goals of D III schools
usually internal orientated, rather than external
Division I revenue
broadcast rights tickets licensing and merch game day ops mostly external sources
goals of D I schools
balance internal and external matters
manage a national brand
intercollegiate athletic structure
D I schools usually highly formalized
low specialization in D III schools
high centralization in D I schools
key functions of Intercollegiat athletics administrators
planning organization staffing directing coordinating reporting budgeting
director of athletics withing collegiate sport
job duties
education
prior coaching experience
varies a lot between divisions
assistant AD in collegiate athletics
seperated by funtion from AD
marketing, facilities, finance
“mid-level manager”
first-line managers in Aethletic departments
academic coordinator business and finance manager compliance officer event and facility manager marketing and promotion director ticket manager ...
administrators in governing bodies
conference commissioners
different skill set
benefits and challenges college sport faces with the age of technology
connect with loyal fans
deliver information
generate revenue
challenges college sport faces with the age of technology
management of athletic administrators, coaches and athletes´ online actions
computer analytic models and coach hirings
use of computer models and data analytics to evaluate a coach´s potential success
what forms the professional sport industry
labor
management (owners, GMs)
governance (commissioner-, league office)
unique aspects of professional sports
interdependence
structure and governance
labor-management relations
role of electronic and new media
interdependence
teams compete and cooperate simultanously
legue think
revenue share
luxury tax
revenue share
certain % of money a team makes is shared by all the teams in the league
luxury tax
wealthy teams with a certain payroll, pay certain % of tax
paid to the league and shared between the other teams
strucutre and governance
league commissioner
board of governors or committee structure composed of the team owners
central administrative unit
minor league
minor leagues
affiliated minor league team develop players for pro leagues
unaffilated teams
labor-management relations
baseball´s antitrust exemption collective bargaining free agency salary cap player draft
baseball antitrust exemption
prevent monopolies
collective bargaining
players union right to self-organize right to bargain collectively through union right to strike (lockouts in sport) bargaining can be related to any item
free agency
after accomplishing a contract player is able to negotiate and make new contract with highest bidder
did not exist for a long time in sports
salary cap
limit on how much a team can pay to a whole pool of their players
is formed of the average revenue of the team
player draft
worst team of prior year has access to best talent
importance of TV in professional sports
revenue
enhances enjoyment of watching sport events
increase in sponsorship fees
emerging sources of media coverage
satellite TV providers
twitter
OTT streaming
reasons why leagues need TV and new media
revenue from distribution contracts
increase fan enjoyment/consumption experience
increase exposure for ad $
trends in new media
fragmentation (monthly fees, pay-per-view)
digitalization (streaming directly to smartphone)
Interactive (#…)
difference between NFL and all other major league teams related to media contracts
NFL teams cannot “go local” - sign with media broadcast partners in region
NFL owns the media rights and control
vertical integration
league owns their own TV broadcasts
gate rceipts (i.e. attendance)
changed with invention of TV
still decent amount of revenue with ticket sales
revenue sources for professional sport teams
media contracts vertical integration gate receipts licensing and merchandise new licensing opportunities sponsorship
licensing and merchandising revenue
royalties - league receives certain amount of sold product
new licensing opportunities
overseas (expanding brand into new geographics)
video games
sponsorship
revenue per agreement has declined
amount of sponsors increased (each team more then 100)
future challenges facing professional sports
maintain labor-management harmony
managing new technology (consumer baraining power - power choices to watch; VR)
dealing with globalization
executive position in pro sports
chief executive or operating officer (CEO) chief financial officer (CFO) chief marketing officer (CMO) general counsel general manager (planning team roster)
player personell position within pro sports
medical training and team support coaching staff player education and relatiosn video staff stadium and facility staff
business positions within pro sports
ticket and corporate sales game experience advertising and promotion community and media relation ...
why are our actions, emotions, judgements and perceptions affected
because senses that our brain receives are situationally affected
what is negotiation about
recognize different perceptions and reconsiling (abstimmen) them
sources of conflict in negotiations
different objectives overlapping power abuse of power overlapping activities misconstruing of roles/responsibilities
negotiations in sports
agents - teams (player contracts)
player assosiations - leagues (dicipline)
player associations - owners (CBA)
league - distributors (value of rights cntracts)
teams - sponsors (dollar value of sponsorship)
what do parties tend to feel during negotiations
a. win the negotiation and sacrifice some ideal objective
b. lose the negotiation and sacrifice even more
what knowledge has revolutionized how sport managers work
cognitive biases (tendenzen)
mistakes during negotiations
viewing on fixed pie (fixed number)
anchoring on the first offer
escalating commitment
