Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSC 121 - Physiological Psychology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of cells that make up the Nervous System?

A

Neurons and Glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

INPUT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

They produce the myelin sheaths over the axons of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of shwann cells?

A

They do the same function as the oligodendrocytes, but in the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of microglia?

A

They act as immune response (macrophages) in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the anatomy of a neuron

A

Dendritic spines in the dendrite receive information from other neurons. This leads towards the cell body, toward the axon hilock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

These are the spaces between myelin sheaths on axons. These are the areas still exposed to extracellular space, allowing for action potentials to refresh upon moving through mylenated areas of the axon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the other two terms to describe cell bodies?

A

Cell bodies are also called nucleus in the CNS, and ganglion in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of dendritic spines?

A

The dendritic spines are the membrane in the dendrites that receive information from another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Do nerve impulses travel faster down larger or smaller axons? Why?

A

Nerve impulses travel faster down larger axons due to larger surface area, meaning more sodium channels to induce action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Multipolar neurons make up a majority of neurons in the nervous system. They are neurons that have a single axon and many dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are monopolar neurons and where are they found?

A

Monopolar neurons are neurons with a single branch that leaves the soma, which can then branch into the dendrites or terminal. These can be found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the resting membrane of a neuron? Why?

A

-70mV, negative on the inside and positive on outside due to sodium concentration differences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is electrostatic force in neurons?

A

Electrostatic force is the force that moves ion and particles based on the properties of charged ions (opposites attract, like repel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Nernst equation used for?

A

The Nernst equation is used to determine the charge of ions in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain action potentials moving down a cell

A

Input leads to the neuron getting more positive until it reaches threshold, where the Na+ gates open to let Na+ in and raising the potential to a peak. Upon reaching some positive potential, K+ gates open to let K+ out and Na+ channels close. Potential slowly falls. This repeats at areas of the axon along a neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are synapse? What are the two types of synapse?

A

Synapses are connections between neurons. There are chemical synapses and electrical synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does a patch-clamp work?

A

A patch-clamp studies the change in charges of cells when a solution that is high in concentration of some ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does a chemical transmission at a synapse occur?

A

When an action potential reaches the terminal buttons, Ca++ gates open and influx of Ca++ ions cause vesicles to bind to the membrane of the presynaptic neuron. The NT are released to the receptors on the post-synaptic neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the most and least common synapses?

A

Axo-spinous and axo-dendritic are common but weak, while axo-axonic and dendro-dendritic synapses are least common (but powerful)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to a neurotransmitter in the synapse after conduction of the action potential?

A

Reuptake of leftover neurotransmitters into the cytoplasm or degraded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two types of receptors?

A

Ionotropic (ion connects with receptor, and receptor opens gate)
Metabotropic (second messenger G protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sagittal

A

Split left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coronal

A

Split front and back

26
Q

Horizontal

A

Split top and bottom

27
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

28
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

29
Q

Ipailateral

A

On the same side

30
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides

31
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the spine (body) or top of the head (brain)

32
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly (body) or bottom of brain

33
Q

What are the three meninges?

A

Meninges serve to further protect the brain: dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid. The meninges serve to suspend the brain in CSF for further cushioning.

34
Q

What is the collection of cell bodies called in the PNS? The CNS?

A

ganglion (PNS) and nucleus (CNS)

35
Q

What is an aggregation of axons called in the PNS? CNS?

A

nerve, tract

36
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system and what does it split into?

A

It is the system that controls unconscious bodily functions (automatic). It splits into the sympathetic and parasympathetic system

37
Q

What is the sympathetic system in control of?

A

Fight-or-Flight response

38
Q

What is the parasympathetic system in control of?

A

rest-and-digest response

39
Q

What are the four divisions of the ventral column?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral

40
Q

Describe the structure of the spinal cord

A

White matter surrounds the gray matter,

41
Q

What structures make up the brain stem?

A

Medulla, pons, and midbrain

42
Q

What structures control movement of the head and eyes?

A

Pons

43
Q

What structure is essential for control of blood pressure and respiration?

A

Medulla

44
Q

What structure is involved both in emotion and in movement and balance?

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellum called?

A

Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, Granule cell layer

46
Q

What are the two parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

47
Q

What are the functions of the thalamus?

A

Sends signals to the cortex

48
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Integrates autonomic nervous system, control release of hormones

49
Q

What sense is not relayed through the thalamus?

A

sense of smell

50
Q

What nucleus of the thalamus processes visual information?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

51
Q

What nucleus of the hypothalamus makes oxytocin and vasopressin?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

52
Q

What nucleus of the hypothalamus is the timekeeper?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

53
Q

What is a convolution of the cerebral cortex? Fissure?

A

Sulci and deep sulci

54
Q

What is the fissure that separates the frontal and the parietal?

A

Central sulcus

55
Q

What fissure seperates the two hemispheres from eachother?

A

Sagittal fissure

56
Q

What area is located in the precentral gyrus? How about directly anterior to the precentral gyrus on the top of the brain?

A

Primary motor cortex

57
Q

What does prefrontal association cortex do? What does cingulate cortex do?

A

Association of things

Limbic system

58
Q

What is located in the post central gyrus?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex, which processes information relating to touch and limb position

59
Q

What functions are localized in the left hemisphere of the parietal association cortex? In the right hemisphere?

A

Left is language, right is selective attention

60
Q

Where is the Primary visual cortex?

A

Found on walls of calcarine fissure

61
Q

What emotion is the amygdala most associated with?

A

Fear

PSC 121 - Physiological Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions