Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANIMAL DIVERSITY1234 > MIDTERM 1 > Flashcards

MIDTERM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Disparity

A

morphological differences between various taxa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diversity

A

the “counts” of taxa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Taxonomic

A

number of species (tax number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ecological

A

number of ecosystems (eco number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

morphological

A

genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Father of Biodiversity

A

Edward O Wilson. Introduced the term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biodiversity

A

A measure of all the organisms in a particular location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Richness

A

How many different species found in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simpson’s diversity index

A

Emphasizes abundance, discounts rare species, diversity decreases with abundance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Shannon-Wiener/weaver

A

Emphasizes richness, Hard to compare uneven samples, diversity decreases with abundance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abundance

A

count of a species. Can be difficult because of very abundant organisms, very large area,changeable with the seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Citizen science

A

iNaturalist,eBrid, eButterfly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Invertebrates

A

are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine)
97% of all named animals
across 34 phyla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Geological time scale

A 
(Camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creak)
Cambrian 
Ordovician 
Silurian 
Devonian 
Carboniferous 
Permian
Triassic 
Jurassic 
Cretaceous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cambrian

A

first fishes, first chordates (CAME FIRST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ordovician

A

diversification of metazoan family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Silurian

A

first vascular land plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Devonian

A

first amphibians, jawed fishes diversify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carboniferous

A

first reptiles, seed ferns, scale trees (carbon= trees, fer=ferns, rous=. reptiles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Permian

A

Major extinctions, reptiles diversify (Perms dies out quickly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Triassic

A

First dinosaurs, fist mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Jurassic

A

first birds, dinosaurs diversify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cretaceous

A

First primates, extinction of dinosaurs, first flowering plants (Current creatures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hierarchical groupings

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Taxa

A

(singular Taxon) – organisms in the rank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Systematics

A

Species are grouped based on evolutionary relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Homoplasy

A

not related; convergent evolution (plasia=gowth, same growth)

28
Q

Homology

A

Common ancestry (g= genetic)

29
Q

Synapomorphy

A

Also called clade. a characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively (in more or less modified form) by its evolutionary descendants.

30
Q

MONOPHYLY:

A

Most recent common ancestor and ALL of its descendants. (mono=one)

31
Q

PARAPHYLY:

A

Most recent common ancestor and SOME but NOT ALL of its descendants “reptiles” “bony fish” (para=part)

32
Q

POLYPHYLY:

A

No recent common ancestor–Based on homoplasy (no evolutionary origin )

33
Q

Key Transitions in Animal Architecture

A

Levels of organization/complexity –(tissues)
Body symmetry
Body cavity organization
Developmental traits–Protostome vs Deuterostome
Segmentation

34
Q

Levels of organization/complexity

A 
Protoplasmic Level
Cellular Level 
Cell Tissue Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ systems level
35
Q

Protoplasmic Level

A
  • Cellular level (not in animals!)
    • ‘Life occurs in a single cell”
      • Unicellular eukaryotes
36
Q
  • Cellular Level
A
  • Aggregation of cells that have differentiated functions
    * Choanoflagellates
    * Adhesion between cells that allows some communication
37
Q
  • Cell Tissue Level
A

metazoans

* Specific cells work together to have specific functions
* Sponges: Porifera, Placozoa
38
Q
  • Tissue Level
A
  • t issue secretes an extracellular matrix (basement membrane)
    • Highly coordinated unit
      • Ex. nerve net in Cnidarians
39
Q
  • Organ Level
A

Tissues work together to form an organ with specialized function
* Eyespots in flatworms. These are the only ones in the organ level

40
Q

Organ systems level

A
  • Organs work together
    • Most complex
    • “digestive system”
    • “circulatory system”
41
Q

Animal Symmetry

A
  • Asymmetry
  • Radial
    Biradial
  • Bilateral
42
Q
  • Diplomats gastrulation:
A

Division of cells into ectoderm and endoderm

43
Q
  • ACOELOMATE
A

Absence of body cavity

44
Q

PSEUDOCOELOMATE

A
  • Fluid filled cavity in-between
45
Q
  • EUCOELOMATE
A

Most animals, true body cavities

Organs in mammals are held together (lined) by the mesoderm

46
Q

Protostomes vs Deuterostomes

A
  • deuterostomes, the first opening (the blastopore) becomes the anus, while in protostomes, it becomes the mouth.
47
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

~ 5-8,000 species

48
Q

Archaeocytes:

A

Totipotent amoeboid cells in mesohyl

49
Q

Asconoid

A

A choanocyte-lined spongocoel, * Only in Class Calcarea

50
Q

Syconoid

A

choanocyte-lined canals

51
Q

Leuconoid

A
  • choanocyte-lined chambers
    • No spongocoel (just an osculum)
    • In all classes
52
Q
  • Siliceous spicules (silica) 4
A

Helps orientate the sponge
A taxenomic fingerprint, identify the species
Made from calcium carbonate
Deter predators

53
Q

Taxonomy of Phylum Porifera

A
  • Class Calcarea
  • Class Hexactinellida
  • Class Homoscleromorpha
  • Class Demospongiae
54
Q
  • Class Calcarea
A 
Only class that have Calcium carbonate spicules hence its name 
The only class with all three canal systems
55
Q
  • Class Hexactinellida
A
  • 6-rayed silica spicules hence name

* Mostly deep sea

56
Q
  • Class Homoscleromorpha
A
  • Spicules non distinct (“same form”)
57
Q
  • Class Demospongiae
A
  • Contains the all freshwater sponges!
    • All leuconoid
      • Demo demographic people
58
Q

Carnivorous Sponges

A

Harp sponge: Demospongiae Chondrocladia lyra

* No choanocytes
* Microscopic hooks snare
59
Q

Sexual reproduction in Porifera

A

Sperm from choanocytes

Released into water and taken in by another sponge

60
Q

Phylum Placozoa

A 
Monophylictic animal 
Mean flat animal 
Trichoplax adhaerens
    * trich: hair
    * plax: plate 
    * adhaerere: to stick
61
Q

Phylum Cnidarians

A
  • 10 000 species
    • Symmetry: Radial
    • Organization: Tissue
62
Q

cnidocytes

A

An explosive cell containing one giant secretory organelle (sting)
Used for prey capture and defense from predators
Is an invagination within the epithelium
* Cnidae: capsule WITHIN the cell…
* Cnidocil: hair-like trigger
* One-time only
* Rapid – hydrostatic pressure increase

63
Q

Blind-ended gut

A

No anus, cecum

64
Q

Mesoglea

A

jelly layer in Cnidarians (NOT CELLULAR)

65
Q

Dimorphic bodies

A

two distinct forms

66
Q

Polymorphism

A

occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals within the same organism. Zooids

67
Q

Reproduction in Cnidarians

A
  • Often, alternation of generations
    • The polyp will asexually make medusa
    • Medusa sexually (meiosis) make gametes

ANIMAL DIVERSITY1234 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions