Midterm #1

Question 1

Canada’s life expectancy is ___ and the world’s is ___. Only in the last ___ years did the expectancy start to change (~____, when we started to think scientifically)

Answer 1

80; 67; 150; 1850

Question 2

Doctrine of Humors VS Doctrine of Signatures

Answer 2

Hippocrates - balance of elements

Bohme - God left clues of how to use things (Mandrake - screaming person for medicinal use of demonic possession)

Question 3

Davy discovered

Answer 3

NO - which can decrease pain and intoxicate (cool whip cans)

Question 4

TG Morton discovered

Answer 4

Ether - can make the patient unconscious

Question 5

Pasteur noticed that

Answer 5

bacteria can bring about disease

Question 6

Lister was known for

Answer 6

phenol as antiseptic/antisepsis procedures, which was brought about by Riddick to Canada in 1877

Question 7

Perkin was known for creating the first

Answer 7

synthetic purple dye (1856) - Bayer company

Question 8

Bailer sold _________/raditor

Answer 8

Radioactive water; meant to promote intelligence and rid of cancer (Byers believed in H2O and had a radioactive jaw)

Question 9

Board of Food and Drug Inspection established in ____, and only ensured there was proper ________

Answer 9

1907; labelling

Question 10

Massengill sold _________, but mixed w/ _____ _____ (found in car fluid) as an elixir to make the patent medication less bitter

Answer 10

sulfanilamide; ethylene glycol

Question 11

The FDA was established in

Answer 11

1938

Question 12

Thalidomide (1957)

Answer 12

Teratogen - monster birth defects from phocomelia (attenuated limbs)

Question 13

Salux/Willow tree used for

Answer 13

curing fever (Aspirin)

Question 14

Rev Stone rediscovered salux’s properties and it was later isolated to its active ingredient _____, used as an ______, an __________, and _______________; it had the side effect of _______

Answer 14

Salicin; analgesic (pain), antipyretic, anti-inflammatory; nausea (can cause ulcers)

Question 15

Salicylic acid was converted into _______; it works by …

Answer 15

ASA or aspirin; inhibiting prostaglandins/blocking enzymes that convert messages into pain

Question 16

Aspirin is associated w/ _____ _______, which can affect children

Answer 16

Reye syndrome

Question 17

Tylenol =
Aspirin =
Motrin/Advil =

Answer 17

ASA
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen

Question 18

Acetaminophen does everything ASA does, except

Answer 18

act as an anti-inflammatory medication

Question 19

While ASA can cause ______, acetaminophen can damage your ______

Answer 19

ulcers/stomach pain; liver (toxic)

Question 20

Ibuprofen and ASA both prevent the enzyme ______ from converting ________ into pain signals

Answer 20

cyclooxygenase; prostaglandins

Question 21

Headache =

Answer 21

Cephalgia

Question 22

What are the two major types of headaches and explain them

Answer 22

1) Muscular: muscle band around skull

2) Vascular: b.v. dilate and press on brain

Question 23

Two major types of vascular headaches:

Answer 23

a) Toxic: poison (e.g. ethanol to acetaldehyde to acetic acid)
b) Migraine

Question 24

Disulfiram/antabase are used to

Answer 24

prevent complete breakdown of ethanol completely so that the alcoholic suffers nausea and pain to prevent them from drinking again

Question 25

Never take _______ for hangovers

Answer 25

acetaminophen (damaging to liver)

Question 26

To try and compensate for a toxic headache, you can take ________, which acts as a vasoconstrictor

Answer 26

caffeine

Question 27

MSG (monosodium glutamate) was thought to cause headaches because

Answer 27

Oriental cooking was associated w/ headaches, but it is a normal human metabolite

Question 28

Migraine headache overview:

• Vaso_____, then vaso______
• 4 main phases and small description:

Answer 28

constriction; dilation

a. prodrome (warning w/ mood swings);
b. aura (1-2h before, scotomas/hallucinations);
c. pain (one hemi, nausea/GI movement);
d. postdrome (“hungover”, depression/euphoria)

Question 29

Triptans originate from _____, and work to increase ______

Answer 29

Ergot fungus (rots rye bread) - a mild hallucinogen; serotonin levels (which decrease in prodrome phase)

Question 30

Bicycle day

Answer 30

Hoffman tries LSD for a second purposeful time

Question 31

Remote island affected by seasonal colds when foreigners enter

Answer 31

Tristan Da Cunna

Question 32

Decongestants are vaso_______

Answer 32

constrictors

Question 33

Pseudoephedrine was smurfed to make

Answer 33

methamphetamine

Question 34

Oxymetazoline is found in

Answer 34

nasal sprays

Question 35

Heroin, used as a ______, was altered as dextromethorphan

Answer 35

cough syrup

Question 36

Gualfenesin is used as an

Answer 36

expectorant

Question 37

Viruses are classified by their _____ ____, (H= ; N= )

Answer 37

envelope proteins; hemagglutinin, neuraminidase

Question 38

Avian flu was ____ –> ____, while the swine flu could be transferred from ____ –> _____

Answer 38

bird to person

person to person