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BPS 1101 > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Poison ivy/oak’s allergen

A

urushial

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2
Q

Hygiene hypothesis

A

West - clean; East - dirty

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3
Q

Mast cells display __, which the allergen contacts and causes a degranulation that releases _______ (the symptoms of allergy)

A

IgE; histamine

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4
Q

First generation antihistamines

A

D(i)+C(hlor) - sleepy/reduced nausea since could enter the brain; Benadryl and Chlor-tripolon; 1940s

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5
Q

Second gen antihistamines

A

On the D(es)L(ora) (aerius ‘02 and claritin ‘89) - can’t enter the brain (so no reduced nausea/sleepiness)

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6
Q

Third gen antihistamines

A

C(et)F(exo) - reactine/allegra both in 1996

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7
Q

Singulair antagonizes ______, which are known to stimulate ____ cells

A

leukotrienes; mast

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8
Q

_____ correctly described the heart as a pump, w/ a one way circulatory system

A

Harvey (<3)

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9
Q

The heart is innervated by

A

sympathetic nerves (so we use an NE antagonist)

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10
Q

Normal BP is

A

120/80

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11
Q

Low/high diastolic Ps

A

<90 = fine; >150 = severe hypertension

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12
Q

Essential vs. secondary hypertension

A

Essential - from Na, irreversible

Secondary - can be treated w/ drugs

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13
Q

Captopril (cough + coppery) > Enalapril act by … and originate from …

A

Block ACE (i.e. formation of Angio II); originated from idea that snake venom is a potent vasodilator and decreases BP

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14
Q

Withering discovered

A

That the foxgrove plant stimulates the heart

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15
Q

Digitalis/digoxin originates from

A

the foxgrove stimulatory plant - used by nurse Cullen to kill many patients

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16
Q

Nitroglycerin used to treat ______; patches caused a problem…; side effect was…

A

Angina; Nitroglycerin patches on patients when not taken off during defib would explode (Nitro used to make dynamite - noticed all dynamite makers didn’t suffer angina); erections

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17
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Plaque/macro eat cholesterol and foam cells release chemicals that weaken tissue and can burst the plaque - the blood clot continues w/out being fixed and congests b.v.

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18
Q

Via ____ _______, plant lipids are converted to ____ fats, for a better “mouth feel”

A

partial hydrogenation; trans

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19
Q

Statins prevent

A

Cholesterol formation

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20
Q

________ is the drug that ____ sang to attempt more CTs, and can work at __mg; it was also fast-tracked by Pfizer for being an ____ drug

A

Lipitor; Newton; 10; orphan

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21
Q

Schizophrenia uses _______ to calm the patient (___ suffix); Thoraz caused symptoms much like ______’s; both drugs are __ antagonists

A

histamines; ine; Parkinson’s; D2 (dopamine to increase serotonin)

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22
Q

OCD is caused from low ______; ____ and ___ are used to treat this disorder

A

serotonin; MAO, SSRI

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23
Q

Tricyclic drugs (depression)

A

Amplify serotonin

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24
Q

Imipramine (depression)

A

Inhibits serotonin reuptake while antagonizing dopamine, ACh, and histamine

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25
Q

Ipronazid (depression)

A

MAO inhibitor - used to regulate neurotransmitters

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26
Q

Anhedonia =

A

inability to experience pleasure

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27
Q

Lithium, used to treat _____, was discovered by

A

Cade, who thought bipolar was from toxins in urine (which did buffer w/ Li2CO3)

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28
Q

Valporic acid acts to

A

inhibit ACh for bipolar ppl

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29
Q

Anxiety uses ____ and ____, which act to increase ____

A

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines; GABA

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30
Q

Semipure cannabinoids =

A

Shatter

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31
Q

An e.g. of a synthetic cannabinoid is

A

JWH-018

32
Q

Coca-cola was originally a

A

non alcoholic version of Vin Mariani wine

33
Q

The only company that can import coca leaves is

A

Stephan

34
Q

Cocaine ___ is expensive (w/ stabilizer), while ___ cocaine is freebased and can be smoked

A

HCl; crack

35
Q

At a low dose, amphetamines give a _______, while high doses __________

A

fight/flight response; release dopamine

36
Q

Dr. Feelgood = ; wrote prescriptions for ______

A

Jacobson; amphetamines

37
Q

Methamphetamines are potent

A

vasoconstrictors and cause meth teeth/face

38
Q

The hypodermic syringe was invented in

A

1956

39
Q

Hallucinogens mimic

A

serotonin

40
Q

LSD is associated w/ _____ licking his fingers and McGill and ____ of Harvard

A

Hoffman; Leary

41
Q

Atropine is from the ____ _____ or the _______

A

deadly nightshade; Belladonna

42
Q

Scopolamine

A

“Truth serum”, but just talked a lot

43
Q

Associated w/ witches’ broomsticks

A

Hyoscine/atropine (not H2O soluble)

44
Q

Heroin was meant to be the non addictive ___, but ended up entering the brain even better

A

cough suppressant (instead of pseudoephedrine - amphetamine)

45
Q

Oxycodone originated from the need to …, and is commonly referred to as “ “

A

rid of opium’s juice (40% of its contents); hillbilly heroin

46
Q

Opiates

A

Morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone > derived from poppy

47
Q

Fillers are designed to

A

Dilute drugs and spread evenly (make measurements easier)

48
Q

Ecstasy/MDMA was tested to be a ____ ____ in the 1980s; is used by ______s, since it causes promiscuous, euphoric behaviour; you have to be careful since sometimes ____ and ____ may not be completely removed from the drug (neurotoxins)

A

truth serum; predator; mercury/arsenic

49
Q

____ has an amphetamine-like structure, and was converted into _____ for diet pill, but instead invoked violent psychosis, sold on the internet as ___ ____

A

Khat; cathinone; bath salts

50
Q

What drug got a bad rep in the 1960s - “speed freaks”

A

Amphetamines

51
Q

_____, a painkiller known as “MPPP”, sometimes got made into “MPTP” which caused ______ addicts w/ Parkinson-like symptoms like _____ caused

A

Dermerol; frozen; Thorazine (schizo)

52
Q

_____ and ____ are used to prevent colds

A

Echinacea (originally in snake oil)/Cold FX

53
Q

Ginko

A

Meant to increase circulation to the brain, interferes w/ bl clotting

54
Q

Saw Palmento

A

Meant to treat benign prostate hyperplasia

55
Q

Garlic: active ingredient? butt cleanse?

A

Allicin; promoted by Hohensee

56
Q

St. John’s Wort: purpose? not real active ingredient? interferes w/ 50% meds how?

A

Anti-depressant; hypericin; liver enzymes to switch “on” liver

57
Q

Three natural remedies that interfere w/ liver function:

A

St. John’s Wort (turns on liver); Kava Kava; grapefruit (turns off liver)

58
Q

Glucosamine sulfate

A

Oil up joints

59
Q

Dietary supplement health and education act establish

A

1994

60
Q

Recommended dose of vit C

A

90mg/day

61
Q

_________: serial dilute solutions give a memory

A

Hahnemann (ha, nah man)

62
Q

Silkworm

A

Bombykol

63
Q

Periplanone

A

Virgin cockroaches

64
Q

Animals have ______ smelling organ that humans don’t have

A

Vomeronasal

65
Q

Good Omega-3:

A

Eico or doco

66
Q

Wasp pheromones

A

Chilo trapez

67
Q

Ophrys exaltata

A

Bee pheromones

68
Q

Methyl paraben

A

Bitches

69
Q

Truffles/boars

A

Androstenone (Andron cologne)

70
Q

Skatole = _____ in fragrance

A

Civetole (originally from civet cat bum glands)

71
Q

Increase in dopamine from _________, which decreases _____ levels (causing loving behaviours)

A

phenethylamine; serotonin (increase in anxiety from lower levels and OCD if very low)

72
Q

Males = ; Females =

A

Vasopressin; oxytocin

73
Q

Spanish fly

A

Cantharidin or capsaicin online

74
Q

Addyi

A

Hyposexual women

75
Q

Yohimbine

A

Erectile dysfunction but natural gives longer than 3-4h

76
Q

Erectile dysfunction is from improper _______, as proved by ______ when he took ____ _______

A

sympathetic innervation; Brindley; B-blockers

77
Q

Viagra came after _______

A

Alprostadil

BPS 1101 (3 decks)

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