midterm 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What does Kinesiology mean?
A
combination of the Greek for “to move” and “logos”
2
Q
When & where was the first kinesiology program offered?
A
Uni of Waterloo, Simon Fraser Uni (1967)
3
Q
Health is
A
the capacity to lead a satisfying life, fulfill ambitions, and accommodate to change
4
Q
Dimensions of health: (6)
A
Physical, Social, Mental, Environmental, Spiritual, Emotional (are all interdependent)
5
Q
Reactive or curative approach to health and wellness
A
Worrying about you health only when sick. Not asserting control over your health in the absence of disease.
6
Q
Proactive approach to health and wellness
A
Adopting lifestyle habits that in the long run will enable you to lead a more healthy life
7
Q
Wellness is influenced by: (4)
A
Family, Media, Culture, Peers
8
Q
Wellness is:
A
the combination of health and happiness
9
Q
Positive family influences through: (3)
A
Education, Values, Support
10
Q
How to study health and wellness (Academic disciplines): (6)
A
Kinesiology (life sciences), Psychology (behavioural sciences), Pedagogy (physical education), Social sciences, Humanities, Religious studies/peace and conflict studies
11
Q
interdisciplinary approaches to sport, physical activity, and health: (3)
A
Socio-cultural, behavioural, bio-physical
12
Q
what is ‘sport’?
A
unchanging, transhistorical, and universal cultural form preformed and understood essentially the same way by all people in all societies.
13
Q
modern sports:
A
the codification of rules, acceptance of the rules, making a particular way of playing into THE WAY of playing. (baseball: new york rules. hockey: monteal rules)
14
Q
folk games:
A
folk football (kirkball) - canadian football
tewaarathon - lacrosse
townball - baseball
ricket - ice hockey
15
Q
First modern games (the olympic games)
A
Athens 1896
16
Q
Graceful athleticisism
A
began in 1880’s, light exercise concentrated on making women both strong & graceful. Goal: protecting women
17
Q
Bicycle craze
A
1890’s, invention of the pneumatic tire and the safety bike. Aided by the introduction of the ‘bloomer’
18
Q
When was the ‘Golden Age’
A
1920’s-30’s
19
Q
first wave feminism- political changes:
A
Suffrage movement; winning the vote, Prohibition, Persons case (1929), Connection to sport and physical activity
20
Q
Fanny “Bobby” Rosenfeld
A
- gold & silver medals in track&field, 1928 Olympics
- Hockey and softball star
- Journalist at the Globe and mail
named candies female athlete of the half century in 1950
21
Q
Preston Rivulettes
A
- originally a softball team, then hockey
- 348 wins - 2 losses
- 8 consecutive Ontario championships
- 6 consecutive national titles
22
Q
The Edmonton Grads
A
- woman basketball team
- Most successful team in Canadian sports history; 502 wins- 20 losses (1915-1940)
- Undefeated at FSFI tournaments at time of IOC Olympic Games
- 18 consecutive Canadian titles
- 17 consecutive North American titles
- Winning streaks of 147 and 78 games
23
Q
The Women’s Olympics
A
- 1922 Paris
- 1926 Gottenberg
24
Q
Women’s World Games
A
- 1930 Prague
- 1934 London
25
When were women added to the olympics
Amsterdam 1928
26
Matchless six
- women track and field olympians
- Won gold in high jump
- Gold in 4x100m relay
- Silver and bronze in the 100m
- unofficial team point championships
- outperformed Canadian men in Lake Placid and LA (1932)
27
Women's challenges in sport:
- Marginal in media
- play by different, often 'second class' rules
- face exclusions e.g.. women ski jumping
- bodies are 'policed' e.g.. sex testing
28
Philosophy
- TO THINK MORE INTENTIONALLY, SERIOUSLY, RIGOROUSLY, AND THOROUGHLY
= Philos + Sophia
- The art of wondering (love & wisdom)
- helps expose assumptions and allows self- conscious criticism
29
Purposes of Philosophic research
- EXAMINE REALITY THROUGH REFLECTIVE TECHNIQUES
- reflective examination; ideas, ideals, meanings, lived experiences, values, logical relationships, and arguments
- filling in the gaps of empirical methods and make connections
acknowledging and embracing the complexity of ideas
30
Religion
Belief, faith
31
Science
experiment, observe, describe
32
Philosophy
reasoning, logic
33
Major disciplines of Philosophy
Metaphysics (study of what is real), Epistemology (study of theory of knowledge), Aesthetics (study of beauty), Ethics (study of how we ought to live), Logic (study of argument analysis)
34
Philosophy of Sport
Philosophy= to think more intentionally, seriously, rigorously, and thoroughly about physical activity and leisure
35
Types of Ethics: (3)
Research ethics (responsible conduct of research), Meta-ethics (Concerned with figuring out the meaning of moral terms: good, right, value, virtue, ought), Applied ethics (application of moral philosophy to actual problems)
36
Applied ethics researchers concerned with:
- Inquiry and rational reflection
- Conceptual clarification
- Establishing positions based on evidence available
37
Ethical issues:
1) Sex and gender categories
2) clothing and uniform specifications
3) children's participation
4) emerging technologies
5) citizenship & nationality
6) human & workers rights
7) performance enhancement
38
Considerations in justifying drug testing:
Safety, Sport system efficiency, preference of athletes
39
reasons against drug testing:
- Rights-based objections; privacy, autonomy, paternalism
| - Utilitarian objections; effectiveness versus costs incurred
40
Dr. Sarah Teetzel
focuses on applied ethical issues in sport with emphasis on the intersection of rules and values.
41
Impact of commercialization
- structure of sport (rule changes)
- Orientation of individuals in sport
- organizations that control sport
42
Deviant underconformity
- behaviour that involves a rejection or lack of awareness of norms/an uncritical acceptance of the rules
- not tolerated
43
'norms' that define sport ethic (4)
- athlete makes sacrifices for the game
- athlete strives for distinction
- athlete accepts risks and plays through pain
- athlete accepts no limits in the pursuit of possibilities
44
over conformity
- involves an uncritical acceptance of the rules
| - listen to rules 'too well'
45
'identities' categories: (7)
- social class
- gender
- race
- ethnicity
- age
- sexuality
- albility
46
Social Class:
categories of people who share a position in society based on a combination of their income, wealth, education, occupation, and social connections
47
Social Stratification
persisting patterns of inequality in which certain categories or state of people repeatedly get ore or less of the valued resources in society
48
Sex:
biological aspects of male and female existence: anatomy, physiology, genetics, hormones
49
Gender:
the non-biological aspects of difference between women and men
50
Masculinity and Femininity
social science notions of gender
51
The Female Apologetic
Strategy for bridging the gap between cultural expectations of femininity and unfeminine demands for athletic excellence
- the 'double blind'
52
Sexualization examples
- uniforms; beach volleyball
- figure skating
- athletes posing nude
53
Race
category of people who share genetically transmitted physical traits
54
Racism
- discrimination or unequal treatment on the bias of physical traits
- many forms:
- individual
- systemic; - Institutional - structural
55
Ethnicity
cultural heritage of a particular group of people
56
minority group
a socially identified collection of people who may experience discrimination and suffer social disadvantages because of discrimination
57
visible minority
racial minority groups who are identifiably different, often by skin color, from the racial majority group
58
race logic
assumptions about race are
A) socially constructed
and
B) aften "normalized"
59
grievances of the black athlete (5)
- stacking
- racial stereotyping
- media bias toward white athletes
- policing of their social lives
- limiting recruitment
60
Harry & Valerie Jerome
track and field olympic siblings, harry's 100m sprint record not recorded because he was black
61
Montreal 1976
- of 500 people preforming an indian dance 250 were non-aboriginal dressed and paint to look like indians
62
North American Indigenous Games
- grew out of the rich PA traditions of indigenous people
- Adanced during 1970's by John Fletcher and Willie Littlechild
- to prove quality of life for these people by taking part in sport and activities which respects indigenous distinctiveness
63
NAIG Cowichan 2008
- committee organized 16 sports in 7 days
- more than 5000 athletes competed
- Culture was an equally strange component
64
Maskwachees Declaration
- recognized health issues in the aboriginal community and ways how sports programs could be accessable and contribute to healthy outcomes for native youth
65
3 Philosophies of play:
- top-down approach; human nature
- bottom-up approach; expression of humans basic goodness and wisdom
- developmental approach; a neutral instrument to be used for humans gradual improvement
66
Curriculum
explains what and why something is to be learned and provides coherent structure
67
Lesson plan
'structured learning tasks' that 'briefly list and describe what is to occur during the lesson or practice''
68
when did 'physical training' become compulsory?
1889
69
P.E at end of 19th century
1891: only45% of students received 'compulsory' physical training instruction
- barriers:
poorly trained teachers
few or inadequate facilities
large classes
absence of incentives for boards
YET by 1921:
students enrolled in spelling: 400,000
students enrolled in P.E: 500,000
70
The Strathcona Trust
- an endowment of $500,000
-to encourage physical and military training in schools
- created in 1909
- ontario began using the syllabus in 1911, all provinces but quebec participated
- Grants to provinces for:
> distribution of Syllabus of physical exercises for schools
> written in 1911; updated in 1919, 1933
> incentive prizes to students and teachers for; physical training, military drill,rifle shooting
> curriculum extended in 1921 to include games
71
what was the Strathcona trust Syllabus based on?
- the swedish system of gymnastics that had become the basis of the British state school system in the 1890's which:
- had less use of gymnastics equipment
- placed more emphasis on mass part participation
- stressed precision and uniformity of movement
72
Strathcona Trust Syllabus:
manual for teacher preparation to encourage physical education
73
Effect of the strathcona trust:
- growth of P.E
- baby boom
- teacher recruitment
- school construction
- curriculum renewal
74
Physical Literacy
having the skills to move purposely, comfortably, confidently, and expressively for the diverse need of life
75
Public playgrounds
- offered a return to nature
| - physical and moral health benefits
76
The playground movement
Led by middle-class reformers
- R.D Waugh
- F.J. Billiarde
- Adelaide Hoodless
77
The benefits of play
Physical health benefits: movement, muscle growth, vigorous play
Psycho-social benefits: attention, socia acceptance, offers opportunities to be leaders, some can feel lonely, isolated, and excluded
78
Psychological aspects of sport: (3)
- personality
- anxiety and sport performance
- motivation; self efficacy
79
Gravitational hypothesis
Do people with these personalities (competitive, confident) become athletes or does sport lead to people developing these personality traits
80
Arousal:
physiological state of readiness and psychological activation
81
Stress:
non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it.
- Eustress: positive stress
- Distress: negative stress
82
Anxiety:
Tension and worry that results from distress
83
Trait anxiety:
personality characteristics that is relatively stable over time, making the individual anxious across a wide variety of situations
84
State anxiety:
situation-specific anxiety
- Cognitive: psychological component, caused by fear, failure, or negative consequences
- Somatic: physical component, perception go physiological responses like muscular tension, increased heart rate
85
Ways to lower cognitive state anxiety:
- progressive muscular relaxation
- positive imagery
- positive self-talk
86
Self-efficacy
athletes who are self-confident and expect to win are usually athletes who do win
87
how to increase self-efficacy:
- successful performance
- vicarious experience
- verbal persuasion
- emotional arousal
88
Casual Attribution theory
people strive to explain events based upon their perceptions
89
Pedita Felicien
- canadian 100m hurdles champion
| - medal favorite for 2004 olympics...
90
Jackie Robinson
First african american to play in the major baseball leagues
