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PERS1500 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Kinesiology mean?

A

combination of the Greek for “to move” and “logos”

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2
Q

When & where was the first kinesiology program offered?

A

Uni of Waterloo, Simon Fraser Uni (1967)

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3
Q

Health is

A

the capacity to lead a satisfying life, fulfill ambitions, and accommodate to change

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4
Q

Dimensions of health: (6)

A

Physical, Social, Mental, Environmental, Spiritual, Emotional (are all interdependent)

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5
Q

Reactive or curative approach to health and wellness

A

Worrying about you health only when sick. Not asserting control over your health in the absence of disease.

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6
Q

Proactive approach to health and wellness

A

Adopting lifestyle habits that in the long run will enable you to lead a more healthy life

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7
Q

Wellness is influenced by: (4)

A

Family, Media, Culture, Peers

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8
Q

Wellness is:

A

the combination of health and happiness

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9
Q

Positive family influences through: (3)

A

Education, Values, Support

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10
Q

How to study health and wellness (Academic disciplines): (6)

A

Kinesiology (life sciences), Psychology (behavioural sciences), Pedagogy (physical education), Social sciences, Humanities, Religious studies/peace and conflict studies

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11
Q

interdisciplinary approaches to sport, physical activity, and health: (3)

A

Socio-cultural, behavioural, bio-physical

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12
Q

what is ‘sport’?

A

unchanging, transhistorical, and universal cultural form preformed and understood essentially the same way by all people in all societies.

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13
Q

modern sports:

A

the codification of rules, acceptance of the rules, making a particular way of playing into THE WAY of playing. (baseball: new york rules. hockey: monteal rules)

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14
Q

folk games:

A

folk football (kirkball) - canadian football
tewaarathon - lacrosse
townball - baseball
ricket - ice hockey

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15
Q

First modern games (the olympic games)

A

Athens 1896

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16
Q

Graceful athleticisism

A

began in 1880’s, light exercise concentrated on making women both strong & graceful. Goal: protecting women

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17
Q

Bicycle craze

A

1890’s, invention of the pneumatic tire and the safety bike. Aided by the introduction of the ‘bloomer’

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18
Q

When was the ‘Golden Age’

A

1920’s-30’s

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19
Q

first wave feminism- political changes:

A

Suffrage movement; winning the vote, Prohibition, Persons case (1929), Connection to sport and physical activity

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20
Q

Fanny “Bobby” Rosenfeld

A
  • gold & silver medals in track&field, 1928 Olympics
  • Hockey and softball star
  • Journalist at the Globe and mail
    named candies female athlete of the half century in 1950
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21
Q

Preston Rivulettes

A
  • originally a softball team, then hockey
  • 348 wins - 2 losses
  • 8 consecutive Ontario championships
  • 6 consecutive national titles
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22
Q

The Edmonton Grads

A
  • woman basketball team
  • Most successful team in Canadian sports history; 502 wins- 20 losses (1915-1940)
  • Undefeated at FSFI tournaments at time of IOC Olympic Games
  • 18 consecutive Canadian titles
  • 17 consecutive North American titles
  • Winning streaks of 147 and 78 games
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23
Q

The Women’s Olympics

A
  • 1922 Paris

- 1926 Gottenberg

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24
Q

Women’s World Games

A
  • 1930 Prague

- 1934 London

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25
Q

When were women added to the olympics

A

Amsterdam 1928

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26
Q

Matchless six

A
  • women track and field olympians
  • Won gold in high jump
  • Gold in 4x100m relay
  • Silver and bronze in the 100m
  • unofficial team point championships
  • outperformed Canadian men in Lake Placid and LA (1932)
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27
Q

Women’s challenges in sport:

A
  • Marginal in media
  • play by different, often ‘second class’ rules
  • face exclusions e.g.. women ski jumping
  • bodies are ‘policed’ e.g.. sex testing
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28
Q

Philosophy

A
  • TO THINK MORE INTENTIONALLY, SERIOUSLY, RIGOROUSLY, AND THOROUGHLY
    = Philos + Sophia
  • The art of wondering (love & wisdom)
  • helps expose assumptions and allows self- conscious criticism
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29
Q

Purposes of Philosophic research

A
  • EXAMINE REALITY THROUGH REFLECTIVE TECHNIQUES
  • reflective examination; ideas, ideals, meanings, lived experiences, values, logical relationships, and arguments
  • filling in the gaps of empirical methods and make connections
    acknowledging and embracing the complexity of ideas
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30
Q

Religion

A

Belief, faith

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31
Q

Science

A

experiment, observe, describe

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32
Q

Philosophy

A

reasoning, logic

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33
Q

Major disciplines of Philosophy

A

Metaphysics (study of what is real), Epistemology (study of theory of knowledge), Aesthetics (study of beauty), Ethics (study of how we ought to live), Logic (study of argument analysis)

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34
Q

Philosophy of Sport

A

Philosophy= to think more intentionally, seriously, rigorously, and thoroughly about physical activity and leisure

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35
Q

Types of Ethics: (3)

A

Research ethics (responsible conduct of research), Meta-ethics (Concerned with figuring out the meaning of moral terms: good, right, value, virtue, ought), Applied ethics (application of moral philosophy to actual problems)

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36
Q

Applied ethics researchers concerned with:

A
  • Inquiry and rational reflection
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Establishing positions based on evidence available
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37
Q

Ethical issues:

A

1) Sex and gender categories
2) clothing and uniform specifications
3) children’s participation
4) emerging technologies
5) citizenship & nationality
6) human & workers rights
7) performance enhancement

38
Q

Considerations in justifying drug testing:

A

Safety, Sport system efficiency, preference of athletes

39
Q

reasons against drug testing:

A
  • Rights-based objections; privacy, autonomy, paternalism

- Utilitarian objections; effectiveness versus costs incurred

40
Q

Dr. Sarah Teetzel

A

focuses on applied ethical issues in sport with emphasis on the intersection of rules and values.

41
Q

Impact of commercialization

A
  • structure of sport (rule changes)
  • Orientation of individuals in sport
  • organizations that control sport
42
Q

Deviant underconformity

A
  • behaviour that involves a rejection or lack of awareness of norms/an uncritical acceptance of the rules
  • not tolerated
43
Q

‘norms’ that define sport ethic (4)

A
  • athlete makes sacrifices for the game
  • athlete strives for distinction
  • athlete accepts risks and plays through pain
  • athlete accepts no limits in the pursuit of possibilities
44
Q

over conformity

A
  • involves an uncritical acceptance of the rules

- listen to rules ‘too well’

45
Q

‘identities’ categories: (7)

A
  • social class
  • gender
  • race
  • ethnicity
  • age
  • sexuality
  • albility
46
Q

Social Class:

A

categories of people who share a position in society based on a combination of their income, wealth, education, occupation, and social connections

47
Q

Social Stratification

A

persisting patterns of inequality in which certain categories or state of people repeatedly get ore or less of the valued resources in society

48
Q

Sex:

A

biological aspects of male and female existence: anatomy, physiology, genetics, hormones

49
Q

Gender:

A

the non-biological aspects of difference between women and men

50
Q

Masculinity and Femininity

A

social science notions of gender

51
Q

The Female Apologetic

A

Strategy for bridging the gap between cultural expectations of femininity and unfeminine demands for athletic excellence
- the ‘double blind’

52
Q

Sexualization examples

A
  • uniforms; beach volleyball
  • figure skating
  • athletes posing nude
53
Q

Race

A

category of people who share genetically transmitted physical traits

54
Q

Racism

A
  • discrimination or unequal treatment on the bias of physical traits
    • many forms:
  • individual
  • systemic; - Institutional - structural
55
Q

Ethnicity

A

cultural heritage of a particular group of people

56
Q

minority group

A

a socially identified collection of people who may experience discrimination and suffer social disadvantages because of discrimination

57
Q

visible minority

A

racial minority groups who are identifiably different, often by skin color, from the racial majority group

58
Q

race logic

A

assumptions about race are
A) socially constructed
and
B) aften “normalized”

59
Q

grievances of the black athlete (5)

A
  • stacking
  • racial stereotyping
  • media bias toward white athletes
  • policing of their social lives
  • limiting recruitment
60
Q

Harry & Valerie Jerome

A

track and field olympic siblings, harry’s 100m sprint record not recorded because he was black

61
Q

Montreal 1976

A
  • of 500 people preforming an indian dance 250 were non-aboriginal dressed and paint to look like indians
62
Q

North American Indigenous Games

A
  • grew out of the rich PA traditions of indigenous people
  • Adanced during 1970’s by John Fletcher and Willie Littlechild
  • to prove quality of life for these people by taking part in sport and activities which respects indigenous distinctiveness
63
Q

NAIG Cowichan 2008

A
  • committee organized 16 sports in 7 days
  • more than 5000 athletes competed
  • Culture was an equally strange component
64
Q

Maskwachees Declaration

A
  • recognized health issues in the aboriginal community and ways how sports programs could be accessable and contribute to healthy outcomes for native youth
65
Q

3 Philosophies of play:

A
  • top-down approach; human nature
  • bottom-up approach; expression of humans basic goodness and wisdom
  • developmental approach; a neutral instrument to be used for humans gradual improvement
66
Q

Curriculum

A

explains what and why something is to be learned and provides coherent structure

67
Q

Lesson plan

A

‘structured learning tasks’ that ‘briefly list and describe what is to occur during the lesson or practice’’

68
Q

when did ‘physical training’ become compulsory?

A

1889

69
Q

P.E at end of 19th century

A

1891: only45% of students received ‘compulsory’ physical training instruction
- barriers:
poorly trained teachers
few or inadequate facilities
large classes
absence of incentives for boards
YET by 1921:
students enrolled in spelling: 400,000
students enrolled in P.E: 500,000

70
Q

The Strathcona Trust

A
  • an endowment of $500,000
    -to encourage physical and military training in schools
  • created in 1909
    • ontario began using the syllabus in 1911, all provinces but quebec participated
  • Grants to provinces for:
    > distribution of Syllabus of physical exercises for schools
    > written in 1911; updated in 1919, 1933
    > incentive prizes to students and teachers for; physical training, military drill,rifle shooting
    > curriculum extended in 1921 to include games
71
Q

what was the Strathcona trust Syllabus based on?

A
  • the swedish system of gymnastics that had become the basis of the British state school system in the 1890’s which:
  • had less use of gymnastics equipment
  • placed more emphasis on mass part participation
  • stressed precision and uniformity of movement
72
Q

Strathcona Trust Syllabus:

A

manual for teacher preparation to encourage physical education

73
Q

Effect of the strathcona trust:

A
  • growth of P.E
  • baby boom
  • teacher recruitment
  • school construction
  • curriculum renewal
74
Q

Physical Literacy

A

having the skills to move purposely, comfortably, confidently, and expressively for the diverse need of life

75
Q

Public playgrounds

A
  • offered a return to nature

- physical and moral health benefits

76
Q

The playground movement

A

Led by middle-class reformers

  • R.D Waugh
  • F.J. Billiarde
  • Adelaide Hoodless
77
Q

The benefits of play

A

Physical health benefits: movement, muscle growth, vigorous play
Psycho-social benefits: attention, socia acceptance, offers opportunities to be leaders, some can feel lonely, isolated, and excluded

78
Q

Psychological aspects of sport: (3)

A
  • personality
  • anxiety and sport performance
  • motivation; self efficacy
79
Q

Gravitational hypothesis

A

Do people with these personalities (competitive, confident) become athletes or does sport lead to people developing these personality traits

80
Q

Arousal:

A

physiological state of readiness and psychological activation

81
Q

Stress:

A

non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it.

  • Eustress: positive stress
  • Distress: negative stress
82
Q

Anxiety:

A

Tension and worry that results from distress

83
Q

Trait anxiety:

A

personality characteristics that is relatively stable over time, making the individual anxious across a wide variety of situations

84
Q

State anxiety:

A

situation-specific anxiety

  • Cognitive: psychological component, caused by fear, failure, or negative consequences
  • Somatic: physical component, perception go physiological responses like muscular tension, increased heart rate
85
Q

Ways to lower cognitive state anxiety:

A
  • progressive muscular relaxation
  • positive imagery
  • positive self-talk
86
Q

Self-efficacy

A

athletes who are self-confident and expect to win are usually athletes who do win

87
Q

how to increase self-efficacy:

A
  • successful performance
  • vicarious experience
  • verbal persuasion
  • emotional arousal
88
Q

Casual Attribution theory

A

people strive to explain events based upon their perceptions

89
Q

Pedita Felicien

A
  • canadian 100m hurdles champion

- medal favorite for 2004 olympics…

90
Q

Jackie Robinson

A

First african american to play in the major baseball leagues

PERS1500 (4 decks)

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