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Pols 2000 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Realism

A

What we must do

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1
Q

Idealism

A

What would be best

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2
Q

Socrates

A

Idealist

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3
Q

Conceptual framework

A

Background shapes our understanding of politics

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4
Q

Aristotle

A

Realist; learn by observing

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5
Q

Machiavelli

A

Father of realism

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6
Q

Hobbes

A

State of nature was brutal and short so we create social contract

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7
Q

Locke

A

Everyone should have natural rights “life liberty and property”; limit gov

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8
Q

Rousseau

A

“The general will”; voice of the majority must speak for the common good

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9
Q

Reform liberalism

A

Gov. Regulates economy and removed major capitalist inequities; remove obstacles that hinder individual goals

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10
Q

Politics

A

Individual or combined actions of individuals, governments or groups aimed at getting what they want accomplished when those actions have public consequences

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11
Q

Agreement reality

A

Derived from interaction

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12
Q

Collective action

A

Coordinated group activity designed to achieve a common goal that individuals acting on their own could not otherwise attain

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13
Q

Authority

A

Social structure that leads others to accept a persons control

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14
Q

Alliance

A

When individuals or groups agree to combine resources and abilities for a purpose that benefits the members individually

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15
Q

Government

A

Institutionalize power to pursue collective actions

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16
Q

Leadership benefits

A

Power, wealth, accomplish goals

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17
Q

Ideal vs Real on judging leaders

A

Idealist –> how effectively they provide

Realist –> expect to only maximize self interest

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18
Q

Revolution

A

Collective action; mass uprising focused on the goal of tearing down and replacing the current gov

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19
Q

Limits on forceful control

A

Level of force needed related to society’s level of unhappiness

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20
Q

Legitimacy

A

Voluntary acceptance of govee ment

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21
Q

Balancing force and legitimacy

A

Legitimacy: bad for short term, good for long term; force: good for short term

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22
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

Rational choices of individuals collide with needs of larger community

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23
Q

Enlightened self interest

A

Everyone’s best interest to preserve the commons for everyone

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24
Q

What is enlightened self interests flaw?

A

Overlooks people’s calculations not soley based on own behavior

25
Q

Stag hunt

A

Interdependence of actions and choices affects collective efforts to attain a goal
-75% chance all get stag, 100% chance you get rabbit

26
Q

Humanist

A

An idealist who is interested in and motivated by concern for the broader human condition and quality of people’s lives

27
Q

Structures

A

Basic functions that governments need to perform; generic

28
Q

Institutions

A

Organizational structures through which political power is exercised; specific

29
Q

Transaction costs

A

Time, effort and resources required to make collective decisions (ex: what it takes to change the constitution)

30
Q

Conformity costs

A

Difference between what any party prefers and what the collective body requires

31
Q

Political culture

A

The political aspect of the human nature of the local populace (religious values, expectation, morals, etc)

32
Q

6 types of gov

A 
Monarchy: rule by 1 for all
Dictatorship: rule by 1 for 1
Aristocracy: rule by few for all
Oligarchy: rule by few for few
Polity: rule by many for all
Democracy: rule by many for many
33
Q

Presidential system

A

Separation of legislative and executive

34
Q

Parliamentary system

A

Fusion of legislative and executive

35
Q

President

A

More stable

36
Q

Prime minister

A

More efficient

37
Q

How do executives leave office?

A

President: after fixed term, impeachment
PM: next scheduled election, majority MPs vote out

38
Q

Social forces that separated legislative and executive

A

Tradition, religion, money

39
Q

Functions of legislatures

A

Lawmaking, representing, checking, legitimating, educating

40
Q

Problems with president

A

Imperial presidency, gridlock, divided government

41
Q

Problems with parliamentary

A

Policy stability, tenure of gov

42
Q

Relevant party

A

Policy leverage out of proportion

43
Q

Immobilism

A

The more complex and fragile the ruling coalitions

44
Q

Minority government

A

Minor parties abstain for concessions

45
Q

Functions of authoritarian regime legislators

A

Advise, legitimacy, educate

46
Q

Bureaucracy

A

The position within the administrative political culture

47
Q

Functions of the bureaucracy

A

Service, regulation, implementation, policy making

48
Q

Mac weber and 4 bureaucracy components

A

Clear assignment of roles, lots of rules, clear hierarchy, professionals on basis of merit

49
Q

Authority leakage

A

Impossible for top to direct the bottom because too distorted

50
Q

Agency theory

A

Potential for bureaucratic responsiveness to demands and desires of broader public

51
Q

Principal agent model

A

Bureaucrats are agents that act on behalf of the legislature in a relationship similar to a business contract; “hired” to perform certain functions

52
Q

3 roles of courts

A

Dispute resolution, policy making, monitoring

53
Q

Statutory interpretation

A

By defining how laws can/cannot be interpreted, courts set policy

54
Q

Civil law system

A

Codified, constructed; inquisitorial system with prolonged pretrial investigations to protect the innocent

55
Q

Common law systems

A

Judges base decisions on custom and precedent; stare decisis; judge made law

56
Q

Natural law

A

Some higher law that originates with God or nature and is discoverable through use of reason

57
Q

Positivist jurisprudence

A

Law can be studied as a body of principles that originate with the state but take its own logic and rationality

58
Q

Realist jurisprudence

A

Law is a set of rules intended to meet the needs of society; judge discretion

59
Q

Private law v public law

A

Private: relations among private individuals/organizations

Public law: relations among the gov and individuals/organizations

60
Q

Criminal v civil law

A

Criminal: body of laws that defines specific crimes and details punishments for offenses; civil law: law that governs relations between private parties (can include gov)

Pols 2000 (3 decks)

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