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Pols 2000 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Realism

A

What we must do

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1
Q

Idealism

A

What would be best

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2
Q

Socrates

A

Idealist

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3
Q

Conceptual framework

A

Background shapes our understanding of politics

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4
Q

Aristotle

A

Realist; learn by observing

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5
Q

Machiavelli

A

Father of realism

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6
Q

Hobbes

A

State of nature was brutal and short so we create social contract

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7
Q

Locke

A

Everyone should have natural rights “life liberty and property”; limit gov

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8
Q

Rousseau

A

“The general will”; voice of the majority must speak for the common good

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9
Q

Reform liberalism

A

Gov. Regulates economy and removed major capitalist inequities; remove obstacles that hinder individual goals

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10
Q

Politics

A

Individual or combined actions of individuals, governments or groups aimed at getting what they want accomplished when those actions have public consequences

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11
Q

Agreement reality

A

Derived from interaction

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12
Q

Collective action

A

Coordinated group activity designed to achieve a common goal that individuals acting on their own could not otherwise attain

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13
Q

Authority

A

Social structure that leads others to accept a persons control

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14
Q

Alliance

A

When individuals or groups agree to combine resources and abilities for a purpose that benefits the members individually

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15
Q

Government

A

Institutionalize power to pursue collective actions

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16
Q

Leadership benefits

A

Power, wealth, accomplish goals

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17
Q

Ideal vs Real on judging leaders

A

Idealist –> how effectively they provide

Realist –> expect to only maximize self interest

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18
Q

Revolution

A

Collective action; mass uprising focused on the goal of tearing down and replacing the current gov

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19
Q

Limits on forceful control

A

Level of force needed related to society’s level of unhappiness

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20
Q

Legitimacy

A

Voluntary acceptance of govee ment

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21
Q

Balancing force and legitimacy

A

Legitimacy: bad for short term, good for long term; force: good for short term

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22
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

Rational choices of individuals collide with needs of larger community

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23
Q

Enlightened self interest

A

Everyone’s best interest to preserve the commons for everyone

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24
What is enlightened self interests flaw?
Overlooks people's calculations not soley based on own behavior
25
Stag hunt
Interdependence of actions and choices affects collective efforts to attain a goal -75% chance all get stag, 100% chance you get rabbit
26
Humanist
An idealist who is interested in and motivated by concern for the broader human condition and quality of people's lives
27
Structures
Basic functions that governments need to perform; generic
28
Institutions
Organizational structures through which political power is exercised; specific
29
Transaction costs
Time, effort and resources required to make collective decisions (ex: what it takes to change the constitution)
30
Conformity costs
Difference between what any party prefers and what the collective body requires
31
Political culture
The political aspect of the human nature of the local populace (religious values, expectation, morals, etc)
32
6 types of gov
``` Monarchy: rule by 1 for all Dictatorship: rule by 1 for 1 Aristocracy: rule by few for all Oligarchy: rule by few for few Polity: rule by many for all Democracy: rule by many for many ```
33
Presidential system
Separation of legislative and executive
34
Parliamentary system
Fusion of legislative and executive
35
President
More stable
36
Prime minister
More efficient
37
How do executives leave office?
President: after fixed term, impeachment PM: next scheduled election, majority MPs vote out
38
Social forces that separated legislative and executive
Tradition, religion, money
39
Functions of legislatures
Lawmaking, representing, checking, legitimating, educating
40
Problems with president
Imperial presidency, gridlock, divided government
41
Problems with parliamentary
Policy stability, tenure of gov
42
Relevant party
Policy leverage out of proportion
43
Immobilism
The more complex and fragile the ruling coalitions
44
Minority government
Minor parties abstain for concessions
45
Functions of authoritarian regime legislators
Advise, legitimacy, educate
46
Bureaucracy
The position within the administrative political culture
47
Functions of the bureaucracy
Service, regulation, implementation, policy making
48
Mac weber and 4 bureaucracy components
Clear assignment of roles, lots of rules, clear hierarchy, professionals on basis of merit
49
Authority leakage
Impossible for top to direct the bottom because too distorted
50
Agency theory
Potential for bureaucratic responsiveness to demands and desires of broader public
51
Principal agent model
Bureaucrats are agents that act on behalf of the legislature in a relationship similar to a business contract; "hired" to perform certain functions
52
3 roles of courts
Dispute resolution, policy making, monitoring
53
Statutory interpretation
By defining how laws can/cannot be interpreted, courts set policy
54
Civil law system
Codified, constructed; inquisitorial system with prolonged pretrial investigations to protect the innocent
55
Common law systems
Judges base decisions on custom and precedent; stare decisis; judge made law
56
Natural law
Some higher law that originates with God or nature and is discoverable through use of reason
57
Positivist jurisprudence
Law can be studied as a body of principles that originate with the state but take its own logic and rationality
58
Realist jurisprudence
Law is a set of rules intended to meet the needs of society; judge discretion
59
Private law v public law
Private: relations among private individuals/organizations | Public law: relations among the gov and individuals/organizations
60
Criminal v civil law
Criminal: body of laws that defines specific crimes and details punishments for offenses; civil law: law that governs relations between private parties (can include gov)

Pols 2000 (3 decks)

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