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Pols 2000 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Realism

A

What we must do

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2
Q

Plato’s Republic

A

Ideal v real

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3
Q

Thrasymachus

A

Sophist (realist)

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4
Q

Socrates

A

Idealist

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5
Q

Conceptual framework

A

Backgrounds shape our understanding of politics

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6
Q

Idealist period

A

Wake of WW1; effort to attain a perfect world

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7
Q

Aristotle

A

Realist; learn by observation

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8
Q

Machiavelli

A

Father of realism

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9
Q

Hobbes

A

State of nature is brutal and short; social contract

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10
Q

Locke

A

Natural rights; “life, liberty, and property”

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11
Q

Rousseau

A

“The general will”; voice of the majority must speak for the common good

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12
Q

Political theory

A

Complex and robust for elites

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13
Q

Political ideology

A

Simple for masses

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14
Q

Classic liberalism

A

People should generally be free of gov constraints

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15
Q

Classic conservatism

A

Reaction to french monarch; wary of change

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16
Q

Communism

A

Classless society

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17
Q

Democratic socialism

A

Complete equality

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18
Q

Reform liberalism

A

Gov regulates economy; removes major obstacles to individual goals

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19
Q

Racism

A

Supremacy and purity of one group

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20
Q

Politics

A

Individual or combined actions of individuals, governments, groups aimed at getting what they want accomplished with public consequences

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21
Q

Babbie two realities

A

Experiential from direct experiences v agreement from interaction

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22
Q

Collective action

A

Coordinated group activity to achieve a common goal that individuals alone could not attain

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23
Q

Job’s 4 critical securities:

A

State–> borders and gov structures
Regime–> leaders protect hold
National–> protect interests of ethnic groups
Individual–> protect individuals

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24
Q

Authority

A

Social structure that leads others to accept a persons control

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25
Q

Hierarchy

A

Broad, formalized governmental structure

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26
Q

Government

A

Institutionalize power for collective actions

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27
Q

Conflit

A

Most central part to group dynamics

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28
Q

Coser and conflict

A

Intergroup conflict increases willingness of group members

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29
Q

Green lantern theory

A

President can do anything with enough effort

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30
Q

Ideal v real on leadership judgement

A

Ideal: how effectively the provide
Real: leaders maximize self interest

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31
Q

Panopticon

A

Control with secret observation and harsh punishment

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32
Q

Revolutions

A

Mass uprising to replace the current gov

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33
Q

Atomization

A

Separate people to prevent from joining together

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34
Q

Peer policing

A

People police each other

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35
Q

Preference falsification

A

Hiding the way you feel

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36
Q

Limits on forceful control

A

Level of force needed relates to society’s level of unhappiness

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37
Q

Legitimacy

A

Voluntary acceptance of government; bad for short term (opposed to force), good for long term

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38
Q

Intragroup conflict

A

Safety valve, expose cross cutting cleavages

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39
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

Exploitation of shared resources

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40
Q

Enlightened self interest

A

Everyone’s best interest is to preserve the commons; overlooks that calculations are not based on own behavior

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41
Q

Stag hunt

A

Interdependence of actions/choices affects collective efforts to attain a goal

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42
Q

Economic goal of government

A

Control means of production (mechanism to turn labor into wealth)

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43
Q

Humanist

A

Idealist interested in concerns for broader human condition and quality of people’s lives

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44
Q

Capitalism (driving force, value, fatal flaw)

A

Driving force: competition
Value: efficiency
Fatal flaw: massive overexploitation

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45
Q

Socialism

A

Society has means of production; equal distribution

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46
Q

Structure

A

generic

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47
Q

Institution

A

Specific

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48
Q

Transaction cost

A

Time, effort, resources to make collective decisions

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49
Q

Conformity cost

A

Difference between what one part wants and what the collective body requires

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50
Q

Political culture

A

Political aspect of human nature of a local populace

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51
Q

Aristotle’s 6 types of governments

A 
Monarchy: rule by one for all
Dictatorship: rule by one for one
Aristocracy: rule by few for all
Oligarchy: rule by few for few
Polity: rule by all for all
Democracy: rule by many for many
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52
Q

Republic

A

No single authoritarian leader

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53
Q

Presidential system

A

Separate executive and legislature; more stable

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54
Q

Parliamentary system

A

Fusion of executive and legislature; more efficient

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55
Q

Social forces that led to separation between legislature and executive

A

Tradition (elder councils), religion (power of priesthood); banks (King had to tax)

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56
Q

Functions of legislatures

A

Lawmaking, representing, checking, legitimacy, educating

57
Q

Politico

A

Delegate and trustee

58
Q

Problems with presidential system

A

Imperial presidency, gridlock, divided government

59
Q

Problems with parliamentary system

A

Policy stability, vote of no confidence

60
Q

Problems with PR

A

Coalition, relevant party, immobilism, minority gov

61
Q

Problems with SMD

A

Gerrymandering, pork barrel

62
Q

Functions of authoritarian regime legislature

A

Advise, legitimate, educate

63
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Position within administrative political culture; oversee day to day management

64
Q

Bureaucracy function

A

Service, regulation, implementation, policy making

65
Q

Max weber and bureaucracy

A

Must function like a machine with clear role assignment, rules, clear hierarchy, professionalism/merit

66
Q

Bureaucracy flaws

A

Too consistent, inflexible, unresponsive, authority leakage (top-down gets distorted)

67
Q

Idealism

A

What would be best

68
Q

Iron triangle

A

Bureaucracy, interest groups and elected officials

69
Q

Agency theory

A

Potential for bureaucratic responsiveness to public

70
Q

Principal agent model

A

Bureaucracy and legislature is like a business contract

71
Q

Cockroach theory

A

Bureaucracy avoids negative media attention to get funding

72
Q

3 roles of courts

A

Dispute resolution, policy making, monitoring

73
Q

Statutory interpretation

A

By defining how laws are interpreted courts do policy making

74
Q

Injunctive power

A

Courts power to stop actions of government

75
Q

Trial courts

A

Original jurisdiction; first hear and establish facts of the case

76
Q

Appellate courts

A

Appellate jurisdiction; review records, can only disagree with law and process not facts

77
Q

Civil law system

A

Codified, protect innocent; napoleonic

78
Q

Inquisitorial

A

Prolonged pretrial investigation

79
Q

Common law system

A

Judges base on customs and precedent; adversarial

80
Q

Jurisprudence

A

Philosophy of law

81
Q

Natural law

A

Higher law, originates with God/nature; discoverable through use of reason

82
Q

Positivist jurisprudence

A

Laws can be studied as a body of principles that originate with the state but take own logic and rationality

83
Q

Realist jurisprudence

A

Law is set of rules to meet needs of society

84
Q

Private law

A

Private individuals and organizations

85
Q

Public law

A

Government and individuals/organizations

86
Q

Criminal law

A

Crime and punishment based on gov laws

87
Q

Civil law

A

Relations between parties

88
Q

Judicial review

A

Began with Marbury v Madison; when CJ Marshall created it because of Adams midnight appointments

89
Q

Blacks median voter theorem

A

Win set of medians ideal point is an empty set

90
Q

3 assumptions of blacks median voter theorem

A

Odd # group, full participation, sincere voting

91
Q

Multidimensionality

A

No stable winset

92
Q

Multidimensionality dolufion

A

Agenda setting and voting rules

93
Q

Indifference circle/single peaked preferences

A

Want $8, don’t care between $7.05 & $8.05

94
Q

Plotts theorem

A

2 dimensions can find radial symmetry

95
Q

McKelveys chaos theorem

A

Plotts theorem is so sensitive that you still get cycles

96
Q

Rational choice/positive politics theorem

A

Rely on assumptions of self interested rational actions

97
Q

Normative

A

What ought to be

98
Q

Positive

A

How it is

99
Q

Rationality assumptions

A

People have complete, transitive preferences and we can assign utility/worth to outcomes

100
Q

Expected utility

A

Probability of an event occurring x its utility

101
Q

Cohesion trade off

A

Between cohesive preferences and fairness

102
Q

Cohesive preference

A

How fair is a decision?

103
Q

Moraski & Shipen data

A

Past nominations, ideological location of nominees 1949-1994

104
Q

Moraski & Shipen dependent variable

A

Segal cover score of ideological scaling

105
Q

Moraski & Shipen independent variable

A

ACLU/ADA score and Supreme Court voting scores

106
Q

Moraski & Shipen hypothesis

A

Unconstrained–>P; Constrained–>J; semi-constrained–>Is

107
Q

Moraski & Shipen problems

A

Small sample size, presidential term, assumes political vacuum, no infinite number of court nominees

108
Q

Moraski & Shipen regimes

A

Unconstrained: S–P–J
Semi constrained: P–S–J
Fully constrained: P–J–S

109
Q

Electoral system

A

Large scale to elect legislatures

110
Q

Fundamental basis for 2 types of electoral systems

A

Governance: how well members act independently/decisive; representation: stronger ideological representation

111
Q

SMD/FPP

A

each voter gets 1 vote for any candidate, most votes wins

112
Q

Single non transferable vote

A

Voter gets one vote, multiple candidates win

113
Q

Limited vote

A

Voter gets several votes, must distribute, multiple candidates elected

114
Q

Cumulative vote

A

Voter gets several votes, don’t have to distribute, multiple candidates elected

115
Q

Single transferable vote

A

Mark preference ranking, votes redistributed if exceed quota

116
Q

Differences in PR systems

A

Threshold? Fractional seats?

117
Q

Duverger’s Law

A

Plurality –> 2 party

118
Q

Voting methods

A

Small scale

119
Q

Single plurality vote

A

1 vote for 1 option, most votes wins

120
Q

Plurality runoff

A

1 vote for 1 option, top 2 go into a runoff

121
Q

Sequential runoff

A

1 vote for 1 option, lowest gets eliminated, runoff, repeat

122
Q

Borda count

A

Rank options (except lowest), points tallied

123
Q

Condorcet procedure

A

Pair off alternatives and determine if overall winner

124
Q

Approval voting

A

Approve some and tally

125
Q

Debt

A

Consistent, long term, cumulative

126
Q

Budget deficit

A

Year to year

127
Q

What affects the debt

A

Overwhelming entitlement spending

128
Q

Negative agenda power

A

Blocking something

129
Q

Dummy variable

A

One-zero, ie democrat or not

130
Q

Errors

A

Systematic > random

131
Q

Krehbiel theory

A

Individual preferences matter more than party

132
Q

Why does party have less influence?

A

No control over nominating, members raise $ independently, us has broad parties, us parties are unpopular

133
Q

A to Z spending bill

A

Cuts debt, created by Dem without party’s support, has Dem wafflers

134
Q

Waffler

A

Cosponsor who won’t sign/vote

135
Q

Krehbiel methods

A

Ideology of members via voting scores from 1 conservative interest group and 1 liberal interest group

136
Q

Binder et. al

A

Party matters more than individual preferences

137
Q

Party has influence because:

A

Punish with agenda setting, committee assignment, provides member cues, voters vote party line, party does give some $

138
Q

Issues with Krehbiel

A

Interest group scores are heavily biased

139
Q

Binder et al methods

A

Concord coalition scores

Pols 2000 (3 decks)

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