Midterm 1 Flashcards
What are fibrous joints
Joints that allow for no movement
What are Synovial Joints
Joints that allow for large range of movement
Example of a synovial joint
The knee joint
Example of cartilaginous joint
Vertebral Discs
What are cartilaginous joints
Slightly movable joints that are good shock absorbers
What joins the ilium and the sacrum
Sacroiliac
What joint is both fibrous and synovial?
Sacroiliac
Parts of a synovial joint
- Joint Capsule (ligament)
- Synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid
- Hyaline cartilage
Function of synovial membrane
Secrete synovial fluid (lubricant)
Whats the function of the hyaline (articular cartilage)
Layer of dense white connective tissue; facilitates articulation
What joins the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton?
Sternoclavicular joint
What joint attaches the scapula to the clavicle?
Acromioclavicular joint
Shoulder separations often occur in sports, what joint would be separated?
Acromioclavicular joint
Movements of the AC Joint
Protraction/Retraction
Elevation/Depression
What joint connects the scapula to the humerus?
Glenohumeral joint
- wide range of motion
- injury = relative lack of stability
Joints of the elbow?
Humeroradial and humeroulnar
Which forearm joint is closest to the elbow
proximal radioulnar
What does the radioulnar joint do during pronation?
The radius flips over the ulna
What is the lateral wrist joint
Radiocarpal joint
Joint between metacarpals and phalanges
Metacarpophalangeal
Movements of Intervertebral Joints
Flex/ext
Lateral flex/ext
Rotation
Joint between sacrum and lumbar vertebrae
Lumbrosacral
Socket in pelvis
Acetabulum
Movements of hip joint
Flex/ext
add/abd
Knee joint
Tibiofemoral joint
- flex/ext
What makes up the knee joint
Meniscus Cartilages
Cruciate Ligaments
Collateral Ligaments
How to distinguish lateral and medial meniscus
Lateral connects to tibia and is on the same side as the fibula, medial connects to MCL
Feet joints
Intertarsal joints - between tarsal
transverse (mid) tarsal joint - between proximal &distal row of tarsal bones
Movement: inversion/eversion
Ankle joint
Distal fibula & tibia articulate w/ superior talus
to cause movement
both ends of each muscle must be attached to the bone
proximal attachment
origin
distal attachment
insertion
prime movers
agonists
opposing muscles
antagonists
muscle function & mobility influenced by
muscular strength
muscular flexibility
tendons
coordination (motor)
what do the muscles in the cervical vertebrae region do
maintain neutral head position + permit wide rom
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin - sternum and clavicle
Insertion - mastoid process
function - flexes neck to chest
Upper Erector Spinae
Origin - back of skull
Insertion - sacrum and ilium
function - extends the neck, maintain erect position
Lower Erector Spinae
function - extends back and trunk, prevents back injury
Trunk muscles
Rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, transversus abdominus
Rectus abdominus
Originates from the crest of the pubis bone. It inserts onto the xiphoid process of the sternum and the costal cartilage of ribs
Function - trunk flexion
External Obliques
Origin - lateral ribs 5-12
insertion- anterior iliac crest & pubis & linea alba
function - trunk flexion and opposite side rotation
Internal Obliques
Originates from linea alba and inserts at the lateral iliac crest & pubis
function - trunk flexion and same side rotation
Transversus Abdominus
wraps around abdomen
function - compresses abdomen, spine and trunk stabilization
anterior deltoid
origin - lateral clavicle
insertion - deltoid tubercle
function - shoulder flexion + medial rotation
middle deltoid
origin - acromion process (lateral clavicle)
insertion - deltoid tubercle
function - shoulder ABduction
posterior deltoid
origin - lateral spine of scapula
insertion - deltoid tubercle
function - shoulder extension + lateral rotation
Pectoralis Major
origin - sternum and clavicle
insertion - lip of bicipital groove
function - horizontal adduction + medial rotation of humerus + bringing arm down from overhead
Latissimus Dorsi
origin - Bottom 6 thoracic vertebrae and sacrum
insertion - pass under arm to lip of bicipital groove
function - horizontal abduction + medial rotation of humerus + bringing arm down from overhead
Muscles in rotator cuff
SIS - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis
Supraspinatus
origin - supraspinous fossa
insertion - superior humerus
function - abducts humerus
Infraspinatus
origin - infraspinous fossa
insertion - posterior humerus
function - lateral rotation + adducts humerus
Subscapularis
origin - subscapular fossa
insertion - anterior humerus
function - medial rotation + adducts humerus
Trapezius
origin - base of skull to T12 vertebrae
insertion - spine of scapula
function - stabilizes scapula
Function of different trapezius areas
Upper - Shoulder elevation (neck ext.)
Middle - Shoulder retraction (scapular adduction)
Lower - shoulder depression
Serratus anterior
Origin - anterior medial border of scapula
Insertion - anterior ribs 1-8
Function - shoulder protraction and stabilizes scapula
Stabilizers of the scapula (2)
Trapezius and Serratus Anterior
Brachialis
origin - front of distal humerus
insertion - anterior proximal ulna
function - elbow flexion
Biceps Brachii
origin - scapula
The short head originates from the coracoid process.
The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle
insertion - radial tubercle
function - elbow flexion and shoulder flexion, supination
Brachioradialis
origin - anterior distal SHAFT of humerus
insertion - lateral distal radius
function - elbow flexion
Triceps Brachii
origin:
Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head - posterior SHAFT of humerus
insertion - posterior proximal ulna
function - elbow extension and shoulder extension
Hand and wrist Flexors
origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion - carpals, metacarpals
function - flexion
Forearm pronator
origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion - lateral proximal radius
function - pronation
Hand and wrist Extensors
origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion - carpals, metacarpals
function - extension
Forearm supinator
origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion - medial proximal radius
function - supination
hip flexor muscle name
iliopsoas
iliopsoas
origin - anterior lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa
insertion - medial proximal femur
function - hip flexion and forward pelvic tilt
how many gluteal muscles
Three (maximus, medius, minimus)
Gluteals
Origin- outer surface of ilium and sacrum
Insertion - lateral and posterior proximal femur
function - hip extension (maximus) & backwards pelvic tilt, hip abduction (medius and minimus)
Adductors (5)
Origin - pubis
Insertion - medial femur
function - hip adduction
How many quad muscles
FOUR, the rectus femoris and three vastus muscles (medialis, lateralis, intermedius)
Quadriceps femoris
Origin:
proximal femur (vastus muscles)
Anterior ilium (rectus femoris)
Insertion - tibial tuberosity
function - knee extension and hip flexion (rectus femoris only)
Hamstrings
Origin - ischial tuberosity
insertion - posterior medial and proximal tibia
function - hip extension and knee flexion
what muscles work in plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius, soleus
What muscles work in dorsiflexion
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Anterior
origin - proximal anterior 2/3 of tibia
insertion - top of 1st metatarsal
function - dorsiflexion
Soleus
origin - posterior proximal tibia
insertion - calcaneus
function - plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
origin - posterior (medial AND lateral) distal femur
insertion - calcaneus
Function - plantar flexion and knee flexion
