midterm 1

Question 1

life characteristics

Answer 1

have cells
can replicate/reproduce
can store/process information
can take in energy & raw materials
can evolve

Question 2

law

Answer 2

repeated observation
no explanation

Question 3

hypothesis

Answer 3

tentative explanation of an observation
focused on one subject
can be falsifiable
because statemebnt

Question 4

theory

Answer 4

can have falsifiable predictions
broad on a subject
supported with evidence/experiments
much more testable/ falsifiable
can be thrown out/exchanged with new evidence

Question 5

prediction

Answer 5

if _____ then _____ statement

predict what will happen if correct

Question 6

control group

Answer 6

group without treatment
- can get placebo sometimes

Question 7

confounding variables

Answer 7

factors that affect the dependent variable that weren’t controlled for
- can be anticipated and included in experimental design

Question 8

observational study

Answer 8

compare different froups, researcher doesn’t apply treatment

Question 9

experimental study

Answer 9

apply different treatments and measure results of manipulation

Question 10

properties of water

Answer 10

cohesion (stick together)
surface tension
adhesion (stick to other surface)
high specific heat - resist temp change
universal solvent - polar

Question 11

lipids

Answer 11

• diverse macromolecule
• non polar
• doesn’t dissolve well in water

Question 12

triglyceride lipid

Answer 12

• lipid that stores energy long term
• glycerol with 3 fatty acids
• mostly all C-H bonds
• made up of saturated fats and at least 1 unsaturated fat

Question 13

phospholipids

Answer 13

• make up cell membranes bilayer
• 2 fatty acids (1 saturated, 1 unsaturated), charged polar end
• amphipathic
• determines what can go through bilayer (small, nonpolar molecules

Question 14

low permeability

Answer 14

cooler temp
long saturated tail

Question 15

high permeability

Answer 15

high temp
short unsaturated tail

Question 16

strong experiment qualities

Answer 16

control group present
replicable
large sample size
double blind/blind experiment

Question 17

scientific method

Answer 17

observation
question
hypothesis
predict
test
analyze & conclude (rehypothesize if needed)

Question 18

carbohydrate ration

Answer 18

1C:2H:1O

Question 19

carbohydrate qualities

Answer 19

-store energy in non-polar bonds (C-C, C-H)
- mostly polar/ hydrophilic because of OH & C=O bonds
- used to make other molecules
- important in cell-cell interactions (outside of cells)
- linked by glycosidic linkage

Question 20

monossacharides

Answer 20

monomers of carbohydrates
short term energy storage
2= dissacharide
help with cellular respiration, cell identity

Question 21

polussacharides

Answer 21

held by glycosidic linkage (carbon 1,4 link)
string of make complex carbs that are more difficult to digest

Question 22

starch

Answer 22

• long string of glucose
• energy storage for plants

Question 23

glycogen

Answer 23

• stored with H2O
• energy storage for animals
• long string of glucose

Question 24

cellulose

Answer 24

• plant cell wall
• made up of starch
• humans unable to digest because of structure
  (chitin in fungi/insects)
  (peptidoglycan in bacteria)

Question 25

protein qualities

Answer 25

• help in structure, movement, defense, transport, cell signaling, and creation of enzymes

Question 26

amino acids

Answer 26

• monomer of proteins
• linked by peptide bonds to form protein

Question 27

denaturing

Answer 27

3D structure of a protein disrupted in unfavorable conditions (high temp/ chemical change in environment)

Question 28

enzymes

Answer 28

break down and form new molecules
- ase

Question 29

nucleotides

Answer 29

• consist of a phosphate group, 5 Carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base (AGC T/U)
• addition of phosphate activates it
• connected by phosphodiester linkages at the 3’ end
• grow 5’ to 3’

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

• nitrogenous base: A with T/ G with C
• deoxyribose sugar (contains 1 less oxygen)
• double stranded
• stores genetic information

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

• single stranded
• ribose sugar (additional oxygen)
• A with U / G with C

Question 32

ATP

Answer 32

• activated nucleotide responsible for energy source for cells
• must be converted from macromolecules (ex. glucose) for use