Midterm 1 Flashcards
1 , 2 & 6 (Lecture 1-3)
Who is considred the father of psych and established the first psychological lab?
Willhelm Wundt
What does it mean to collect “empirical evidence”?
To collect data (numbers)
What is the ancient pseudoscientific practice believed that specific personality traits could be “read” from bumps on the skull?
Phrenology
Who is associated with psychoanalytic theory and the emphasis on the unconscious mind?
Sigmund Freud
Can clinical psychologists prescribe prescription drugs?
Why or why not
No, they don’t go through medical degree.
What is the Canadian equivalent of the American Psychological Association?
Canadian Psychological Association
Which subfield of psychology emphasizes personal growth and human potential?
Humanistic Psychology
Which area of business makes significant use of applied psychology research?
Advertising
What is the main emphasis of biologocial psychology?
Mind + Body connection, neuroscience, studying the brain, nervous system, Hormones
What percentage of humans mind is conscious at any one time?
2-10%
Fill in the Blank
In psychology research, mental processes are measured using
Operational definition
What is wrong with the following hypothesis?
“Humans possess an undetectable and invisible mental force that influence their decision-making.”
Unfalsible
When conducting an experiment, what do psychologist manipulate (have control over)?
Independent variable
In an experiment investigating the effect of eating junk food on weight gain, what would be the dependent variable?
Weight
In an experiment investigating the effect of eating junk food on weight gain, what would be the experimental condition?
Junk food group
Assigning participants to different groups by drawing numbers out of a hat is an example of what important research practice?
Random Assignment
What is the median?
Middle number in a set in numerical order.
You feel a boost of energy after drinking coffee, only to find out later that the coffee was decaf. If there was no caffiene in your coffee, what could explain the boost in your energy?
Placebo Effect.
In what type of experiment, Do neither the participants and the experimenters are know who is the placebo control group and who is the experimental group, Until after completion.
Double blind
You observe a positive correlation in which the more water you drink the further you run. Does drinking more water cause you to run further or does running further cause you to drink more water?
Neither, Correlation does NOT prove causation
Fill in the blank
Memories that are tied to a strong emotion and feel very accurate are called ________ memories.
Flashbulb
What are the three process of memory that describe how memory, “gets in”, “stays in” and “gets out” of our minds?
Encoding, Storage, Retrival
Remebring the words “green, purple, hat giraffe” by imagining a pic of a purple giaraffe wearing a green hat uses what type of encoding stategy?
Visual Imagery encoding
What is Miller’s magic number for capacity of short term memory (STM)?
7 +/- 2 pieces of information
What type of memorie are stored for longer that 30 seconds in the human brain?
Long Term Memory
True or False
Eyewitness testimonies are an ideal form of evidence for police and lawyers to use because humans have superior memory for faces.
False
Knowing how to swim would be considered which type of long term memory?
Procedural memory
What are the types of long term memory?
- Procedural
- Declarative (Semantic & Episodic)
Fill in the blank
A memory trick or technique used to help remeber info more easily is called a _____________.
Mnemonic Device
After a severe car accident, a patient cannot remember any general facts, such as knowing 2+2=4 and most birds fly. What type of long term memory has been impaired?
Semantic Memory
What are the 5 types of psychology subfields?
- Biological
- Learning and Behavior
- Cognitive
- Socio-Cultural
- Psychodynamic
What is the Mode?
Most common number in a set
What is the Mean?
The average number
Who was Hippocrates and what did he believe?
- Ancient Greek 400 BCE
- First to say emotions were located in the brain & Mental illness has a natual cause
Who was Aristotle and what did he believe?
- Ancient Greek 350 BCE
- Human Psyche was part of body & Feelins and moral choices were based of sense
What is the Conscious mind?
Awareness of one’s self and one’s surroundings
What is the unconscious mind?
The mental processes that we are not aware of
What are the three early psychologies?
- Structuralism
- Functionalism
- Psychoanalysis
Define Structuralism.
- Willhelm Wundt
- Approach that attempted to isolate and analyze the mind’s basic elements
- Empirical research, testing in labs
- Underlying structure of the human mind through testing how humans perceive objects using their senses
- Conscious and Unconscious
Define Functionalism.
- William James
- broadened field of psychology to include the study of children, animals, religious experiences, and stream of consciousness
Define Psychoanalysis.
- Sigmund Freud
- Believed disorders such as hysteria were caused by painful unconscious experiences
- believed he could understand the unconscious mind by studying: Dreams and Childhood
What is the Humanistic Approach?
- Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow
- human-beings are inherently good and have free will
- Emphasized creativity, free will, resilience
What is memory?
The power of the mind to remember things
What does the Hippocampus do?
Memory processing center of the brain
What does the amygdala do?
Emotion processing center of the brain
Fight, Flight or Freeze
What is Semantic encoding?
Process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory
Disney is in California because i have fond memories of going there as a
What is an Independent Variable?
Variable that the experimenter manipulates
What is the dependent variable?
Variable that experimenter predicts will be affected by manipulation of the independent variable
What are the two types of conidtional groups?
- Experimental Group
- Control Group
Are conditon groups Independent or dependent variables?
Independent Variables
What is random assignment?
Procedure that lets chance assign participants to the experimental or control group
What is the number we can draw a conclusion from the probability?
0.05
What are the three types of research in psychology?
- Naturalistic observational studies
- Experimental studies
- Correlational studies
What is positive correlation?
Association between increases in one variable and increases in another (or decreases in one variable and decreases in another)
What is negative correlation?
An association between increases in one variable and decreases in another
What is behaviorism?
we should only study OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR
Shopping, Talking, Studying, Dancing
