Mid term 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of learning?
The acquisition,from experience,of new knowledge, skills, or responses that result in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner
What are the 3 key ideas of learning?
- Learning is based on experience
- Learning prodeces the change in the organisim
- These changes last over time
What is behaviorism?
The study of oberservable behavior and the role of the environment inflence on behavior.
What are the two key things in the study of behaviorism?
- Has to be an observable behavior
- Environments
What is conditioning?
The learning that involves association between a stimuli and the organisms response.
What are the two main types of behaviorist theories on learning?
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
Who is the main person involed in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavolov
What else is Classical conditioning refered to as?
- Pavolovian
- Respondent Conditioning
What is the definition of classical conditioning?
Previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to create a response through association with a stimulus that already creates a similar or related response.
What animal did pavolov test his theory on?
A dog
You set an alarm on your phone to ring every day at noon to remind you to eat lunch. One day, you hear the same alarm tone from someone else’s phone on the skytrain and it makes you feel hungry.
In this example of classical conditioning, what is the conditioned response?
Feeling hungry.
What is the term for the weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response?
Extinction
A dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell does NOT salivate at the sound of a whistle. What has occured here?
Discrimination
What was the neutral stimulus that became the conditioned stimulus that ‘Little Albert’ was classically conditioned to fear?
White rat
What type of reinforcement involves adding something pleasant to increase the likelihood of a behaviour recurring?
Positive Reinforcment
Students with perfect attendance for the entire semester are exempt from writing the final exam. What form of operant conditioning is being applied to increase the behaviour of attending class?
Negative Reinforcement
How many pairings are typically needed to establish taste aversion, according to classical conditioning principles?
Only ONE
TRUE OR FALSE
Receiving money as a reward can be considered a type of primary reinforcement.
False
Which schedule of punishment works the BEST to decrease undesirable behaviour?
Consistent Punishment
What term describes the basic registration of light, sound, touch, odour, or taste as the body interacts with the physical world?
Sensation
Fill in the blank
is the process by which organisms organize, identify, interpret, and assign meaning to sensory inputs to form a mental representation of the world
Perception
Lady Gaga claims to be able to “see music”. What is this cross- talk of sensations called?
Synasthesia
What is the process of converting physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the central nervous system called?
Transduction
Fill in the blank
________ _________ is the smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer 50% of the time.
Absolute threshold
What is the primary function of rods in the retina?
Night vision
What types of cells in the retina are responsible for our ability to see colour?
Cones
True or Flase
Humans can only see a tiny portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, while other forms of electromagnetic wavelengths such as UV light, IR light, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves are invisible to the human eye.
True
Humans cannot hear the sound of a dog whistle. Would this be considered a hit, miss, false alarm or correct rejection according to Signal Detection Theory?
Miss
The sound waves are being sensed, but are not perceived
Fill in the blank
People with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ have an absence or dysfunction of one or more of the cone types and experience difficulty distinguishing certain colours from one another, such as red and green.
Colour Blindness
True or False
It is impossible for a human to survive if half of their brain is removed.
False
Fill in the blank
The brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience by reorganizing or growing new neural connections is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Plasticity
