midterm 1 Flashcards
Who was Olof Ohman
Founded Kensington runestone near kensignton minnesota that had viking writing. if legit would be proof that the western world was explored by the Scandinavian explorers in the New World in the 14th century.
who was Ignaz Semmelweis?
Used the scientifc method to attempt to solve why there were so many maternal deaths in Vienna General hospital
Ignatius Donnelly
wants to prove that Platos atlantis story is true and that Atlantis was where people changed from barbarians to civilization.
James Churchward
popularized “Mu” as “mother continent” and and put it with another lost continent Lemuria. Lemuria was a continent land bridge that explained the pesence of lemurs and other fossils in Madagascar and India. wrote 3 books with Mu in the title and the Mu had the Naacal civilization the Mu was destroyed the same was as atlantis. Mu was backed by some tablets sthat no longer exist
Jose de Acosta
Agued that humans and animals came into the new world using the same route using a route between Eastern Asia and the western region of the new world. this did not contradict with the bible
Charles Darwin
believed in evolution from apes
Louis Leakey
believed that tools found in South california (calico) were similar to the ones found in East Africa but they were actually formed by nature
Ivan Van Sertima
wrote “they came before columbus” his claim of an African presence in the pre-Columbian New World
Eugene Dubois
Discovered the Java Man which is combined with a primitive skull and upright stature
Raymond Dart
His claim that a creature with an ape-sized brain could have dental and postural characteristics approaching those of humans
Charles Dawson
Discovered the first piltdown fossils and was always involved for the finds related to piltdown
Kenneth Oakley
Exposed piltdown man as a hoax by fluorine testing
George Hull
Behind the Cardiff Giant Hoax
William Stub Newell
Farmer that come across the petrified cardiff giant
Graham Hancock
He believed archaeologists have ignored advanced ice age civilizations and atlantis
Augustus Le Plongeon
Translated a maya Indian book troano codex with a alphabet that conected maya to ancient egyptians
paradigm
a way of looking at things and is a standard, perspective and set of ideas
Scientific process
observation, induction(specific obeservations argue probable conclusions), deduction (generalities to specifics), Testing
scientific procesesses are
testable and falsifiable
Pseudoscience
does not follow rules of logic and evidence
epistemology
The branch of philosophy concerened with the nature, scope, and limitations of knowledge (awareness of facts)
Uniformitarianism
Earth has always changed in uniform ways and that the present is the key to the past.
Catastrophism
describes earths history as being stable with intermittent short live, cataclysmic events drastically shaping the surface
Phylogeny
The history of the evolution of a species or group especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships amoung broad groups of organism
Antiquarianism
the study of old and rare objects in thier history
Biblical Literalism
that one regards the contents of the bible as literally true
Diffusionism
cultures are univentive and that new ideas are developed in very few or single places (egypt is the source of all civilization)
Pareidolia
the tedency to percieve a specific often meaningful image in a random or ambigious visiual pattern)
Cardiff Giant
petrified giant found by george hull and newell
the solid muldoon
Another prehistoric “petrified man” was found in 1877 on muldoon hill colorado
Gigantism/Acromegaly
A rare condition that causes abnormal growth in children and adolescents in increased height caused by growth hormone or tumor on pituitary gland Acromegaly: dignosed in adults 30-50 abnormal growth of hands feet and face
Cro Magnon
ancient not as old as neandertals but was more modern looking making first true human to be french
Piltdown man
discovered by charles dawson and a hoax of a human skull and a orangutan jaw broken up
Taung baby
discovered by raymond dart and his interpretation of it was ignored
Homo erectus
oldest known early humans to have possesed modern human like body
Homo sapiens
wise human
neanderthalensis
human from the neander valley
Clovis period
period of time named from its distinctive stone and bone tool industry originally thought to be the first people in the Americas Meadowcroft pennslyvania and monte verde
assumptions of science
there is a real and knowable universe
the universe operates according to laws- laws are immutable- the laws can be studied revealed and understood
Solutrean culture
Solutrean culture was short lived and dissapeared before clovis and neo nazis believed they were in amarica first using Solutrean hypothesis
Paleoindian period
end of the last ice age when humans first appeared in the archeological record in North America
Convergence of
evidence
the way that different and independent sources all support one conclusion over another
Onondaga
area near new york where cardiff giant was found the Onondaga people had myths about giants
Polygenesis
the hypothetical origination of language or of a surname from a number of the independent sources in different places at different times
L’Anse aux Meadows
One of the villages where these norse visitors stayed has been found newfoundland
Point Rosee
Possible site Parcak identified an area suggesting the presence of remains of Norse structures
Zhoukoudien
had one of the first specimens of Homo erectus
Neander valley
fossil found that was similar to those of modern humans (neandertals)
Cro-Magnon
southwestern france found modern skeletons that looked older than neandertals
Trinil, Java
on the solo river where the java man was found
Taung, South africa
taung baby was found
Gault site, texas
Gault site is where clovis stuff was found
Sandia cave, new mexico
stone arrow, baskey scraps and skeletal remains of ice age animals such as the mastadone
Monte Verde, chili
artifacs such as spears were found
