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Archeology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

J. Allen Hyneck

A

American astronomer and UFO researcher, wrote many books on people experiences with ufo and encounters

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2
Q

Carl Sagan

A

American astronomer, cosmologist, and science communicator
-pointed out a human ancestor would most likely not have success with mating with alien, and an extraterrestrial would most like not be interested in mating with us and more research oriented

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3
Q

Giorgio Tsoukalos

A

Greek-Swiss author and television personality known for his promotion of ancient astronaut theories

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4
Q

Graham Hancock

A

British author and journalist known for his unconventional theories about ancient civilizations

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5
Q

Isaac de la Peyrere

A

French theologian and author who proposed the pre-Adamite theory
-native of the new world must have reached its shores sometime after the flood and could therefore be traced to one of Noahs three son

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6
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

Scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth’s lithosphere, disproved that idea that the continent of atlantis didn’t just fall into the sea overnight

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7
Q

Induction

A

arguing from specific observations to generalities to form probable conclusion

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8
Q

Acromegaly

A

Hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces excessive growth hormone

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9
Q

Assumptions of Science

A

-There is a real and know able universe.
* The universe operates according to certain understandable rules or laws.
* The laws are immutable
* These laws can be studied, discerned, and understood through careful observation, experimentation, and research.

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10
Q

Scientific Skepticism

A

Approach of questioning and evaluating claims based on scientific evidence

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11
Q

Mastaba

A

Ancient Egyptian tomb with a rectangular base and sloping sides

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12
Q

Monumental Works

A

Large-scale structures or creations that have historical, cultural, or artistic significance

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13
Q

Erich von Däniken

A

proposed that there was indisputable and copious archaeological support for his claim that extraterrestrial aliens had visited Earth in prehistory and had played a significant role in the development of humanity.

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14
Q

Ignatius Donnelly

A

American politician and writer known for his theories about Atlantis and other ancient civilizations

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15
Q

John Major Jenkins

A

American author and researcher known for his work on the Maya calendar and 2012 phenomenon

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16
Q

Jose de Acosta

A

Spanish Jesuit missionary and Agued that humans and animals came into the new world using the same route using a route between Eastern Asia and the western region of the new world. this did not contradict with the bible

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17
Q

Augustus le Plongeon

A

Translated a maya Indian book troano codex with a alphabet that conected maya to ancient egyptians

18
Q

Frank Drake

A

American astronomer and astrophysicist known for his work on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
-creator of the drake equations, co-designed the Pioneer Plaque, the first physical message sent into space

19
Q

Enrico Fermi

A

Italian-American physicist known for his contributions to the development of nuclear energy and the Fermi paradox

20
Q

James Churchwars

A

American physicist and author known for his work on the Drake equation and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence

21
Q

Giovanni da Verrazano

A

Italian explorer who was the first European to sail into New York Harbor

22
Q

Deduction

A

arguing from generalities to specifics to form certain conclusions

23
Q

Younger Dryas

A

Period of abrupt climate change that occurred around 12,900 to 11,700 years ago

24
Q

Diffusionism

A

the idea that civilization spread from a single”mother culture” to all other prehistoric global societies

25
Q

Convergence of Evidence

A

When multiple lines of evidence support the same conclusion or theory

26
Q

Temene

A

T-shaped 7-10-ton monolithic pillars cut from local limestone quarries and erected within circular compounds

27
Q

Social stratification

A
  • Refers to the differentiation of a given population into socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, in come, ethnicity, and power 1) Social-institutional processes that define certain goods as valuable and desirable.
    2)Rules of allocation that distribute goods and resources across various positions in the division of labor
    3) Social mobility processes that link individuals to positions and generate unequal control over valued resource
28
Q

Drake Equation

A

Formula used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy

29
Q

Mitochondrial DNA

A

Genetic material found in the mitochondria of cells, inherited maternally

30
Q

Pareidolia

A

Psychological phenomenon where the mind perceives a pattern or meaning in random or ambiguous stimuli

31
Q

Successful Hoax

A

Deception or trickery that is carried out successfully without being discovered

32
Q

Hypothesis

A

Proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through experimentation or observation

33
Q

Ziggurat

A

Ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with a stepped or terraced structure

34
Q

Food Production

A

Process of cultivating crops and raising animals for human consumption

35
Q

Epistemology

A

Branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of knowledge and belief

36
Q

Haplogroups

A

Groups of individuals who share a common ancestor through a specific genetic marker

37
Q

Evolution

A

Process of change in living organisms over successive generations

38
Q

Civilization

A

Complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, and cultural and technological advancements

39
Q

Scientific Principles

A

Fundamental concepts or laws that form the basis of scientific knowledge

40
Q

Göbekli Tepe

A
  • megalithic monumental construction, construction began around 11,600 ya.
  • carvings of animals, humanoid figures and features
    -built by hunter gathers, site hosted great feast
41
Q

Full Time Specialists

A

Individuals who dedicate their professional careers to a specific field or area of expertise, this usually develops after food surplus in civilizations, leaving individuals with more time to focus on specialized crafts.

42
Q

Catalhoyuk, Turkey

A
  • Is one of the oldest and largest complex settlements in the Neolithic, 18 different occupation levels of this site
  • Commitment to an agricultural way of life
  • Not considered a city

Archeology (3 decks)

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