Final Flashcards
J. Allen Hyneck
American astronomer and UFO researcher, wrote many books on people experiences with ufo and encounters
Carl Sagan
American astronomer, cosmologist, and science communicator
-pointed out a human ancestor would most likely not have success with mating with alien, and an extraterrestrial would most like not be interested in mating with us and more research oriented
Giorgio Tsoukalos
Greek-Swiss author and television personality known for his promotion of ancient astronaut theories
Graham Hancock
British author and journalist known for his unconventional theories about ancient civilizations
Isaac de la Peyrere
French theologian and author who proposed the pre-Adamite theory
-native of the new world must have reached its shores sometime after the flood and could therefore be traced to one of Noahs three son
Plate Tectonics
Scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth’s lithosphere, disproved that idea that the continent of atlantis didn’t just fall into the sea overnight
Induction
arguing from specific observations to generalities to form probable conclusion
Acromegaly
Hormonal disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces excessive growth hormone
Assumptions of Science
-There is a real and know able universe.
* The universe operates according to certain understandable rules or laws.
* The laws are immutable
* These laws can be studied, discerned, and understood through careful observation, experimentation, and research.
Scientific Skepticism
Approach of questioning and evaluating claims based on scientific evidence
Mastaba
Ancient Egyptian tomb with a rectangular base and sloping sides
Monumental Works
Large-scale structures or creations that have historical, cultural, or artistic significance
Erich von Däniken
proposed that there was indisputable and copious archaeological support for his claim that extraterrestrial aliens had visited Earth in prehistory and had played a significant role in the development of humanity.
Ignatius Donnelly
American politician and writer known for his theories about Atlantis and other ancient civilizations
John Major Jenkins
American author and researcher known for his work on the Maya calendar and 2012 phenomenon
Jose de Acosta
Spanish Jesuit missionary and Agued that humans and animals came into the new world using the same route using a route between Eastern Asia and the western region of the new world. this did not contradict with the bible
Augustus le Plongeon
Translated a maya Indian book troano codex with a alphabet that conected maya to ancient egyptians
Frank Drake
American astronomer and astrophysicist known for his work on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
-creator of the drake equations, co-designed the Pioneer Plaque, the first physical message sent into space
Enrico Fermi
Italian-American physicist known for his contributions to the development of nuclear energy and the Fermi paradox
James Churchwars
American physicist and author known for his work on the Drake equation and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Giovanni da Verrazano
Italian explorer who was the first European to sail into New York Harbor
Deduction
arguing from generalities to specifics to form certain conclusions
Younger Dryas
Period of abrupt climate change that occurred around 12,900 to 11,700 years ago
Diffusionism
the idea that civilization spread from a single”mother culture” to all other prehistoric global societies
Convergence of Evidence
When multiple lines of evidence support the same conclusion or theory
Temene
T-shaped 7-10-ton monolithic pillars cut from local limestone quarries and erected within circular compounds
Social stratification
- Refers to the differentiation of a given population into socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, in come, ethnicity, and power 1) Social-institutional processes that define certain goods as valuable and desirable.
2)Rules of allocation that distribute goods and resources across various positions in the division of labor
3) Social mobility processes that link individuals to positions and generate unequal control over valued resource
Drake Equation
Formula used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy
Mitochondrial DNA
Genetic material found in the mitochondria of cells, inherited maternally
Pareidolia
Psychological phenomenon where the mind perceives a pattern or meaning in random or ambiguous stimuli
Successful Hoax
Deception or trickery that is carried out successfully without being discovered
Hypothesis
Proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through experimentation or observation
Ziggurat
Ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with a stepped or terraced structure
Food Production
Process of cultivating crops and raising animals for human consumption
Epistemology
Branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of knowledge and belief
Haplogroups
Groups of individuals who share a common ancestor through a specific genetic marker
Evolution
Process of change in living organisms over successive generations
Civilization
Complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, and cultural and technological advancements
Scientific Principles
Fundamental concepts or laws that form the basis of scientific knowledge
Göbekli Tepe
- megalithic monumental construction, construction began around 11,600 ya.
- carvings of animals, humanoid figures and features
-built by hunter gathers, site hosted great feast
Full Time Specialists
Individuals who dedicate their professional careers to a specific field or area of expertise, this usually develops after food surplus in civilizations, leaving individuals with more time to focus on specialized crafts.
Catalhoyuk, Turkey
- Is one of the oldest and largest complex settlements in the Neolithic, 18 different occupation levels of this site
- Commitment to an agricultural way of life
- Not considered a city
