Midterm 1 Flashcards
(64 cards)
Pathogen
Bacteria that causes disease
Archaea
Unicellular prokaryotic organisms
Eukaryotic
Organisms, whose cells have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Cells which lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Protists
Informal grouping of eukaryotes that are not plant animal or fungi. Algae and protozoa are examples of this.
Helminths
Multicellular, parasitic worms, important to microbiology due to their eggs and larvae
Microbes
Biological agents visualized using microscopy
What are the macro nutrients found in cells?
 Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur phosphorus
What are micronutrients also referred to as trace elements within cells
Sodium, potassium, zinc iron calcium manganese, copper vanadium molybdenum
Biomolecules
Molecules that form cells and perform functions that facilitate life
Microbiology
The study of microscopic, organisms, micro meeting, small bios, meeting, life, logos, meaning word, or study
Prokaryotes
Pro meaning before karyo, meaning, kernel or nucleus, includes domains, bacteria, and Archaea
What are prokaryotes
Unicellular organisms, they lack subcellular structures like membrane-bound nuclei are organelles. They are the simplest living organisms.
What are the two main groups of prokaryotes?
Bacteria (eubacteria) and Archaea
Eubacteria
Very small unicellular prokaryotic. Most have a cell wall that contains a very large polymer compound called peptidoglycan.
Cyanobacteria
Blue, green algae, photosynthetic. These are either free living or symbiotic found mostly in aquatic habitats. Some are nitrogen fixers no known pathogens some make toxins.
Pathogens from first week
Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Yersinia pestis (black plague), Klebsiella pneumoniae (pneumonia), Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
Archaea
“Ancient bacteria”. Extremely small cell walls lack peptidoglycan they have other bio chemical differences from bacteria no known pathogens.
What does Eukaryotes mean?
Means good or true nucleus. They are in the domain Eukarya. 
Protists
Formerly kingdom, Protista now are called protists
Algae
Plant like protists very diverse, microscopic, unicellular members, filamentous members and colonial organisms. Examples, microscopic, seaweed and kelp’s all free living and aquatic all photosynthetic pathogens include red tide organisms. Prototheca, Pfiesteria piscicida are examples of pathogens.
Protozoa
Animal like protists
What caused potato blight and the Irish potato famine in the 1800s?
Phytophthora infestans, a water mold
Fungi
Kingdom fungi. Unicellular organisms are yeast, multicellular, organisms, mycelium, some have microscopic structures. They are composed of chitin, and are heterotrophs.
