Midterm #1 Flashcards
What is Adapted Physical Activity?
- A professional branch of kinesiology
- Directed towards people who require adaptation for participation in PA
- Individualizing instruction and promoting full participation/accessibility
How is APA provided?
Appropriately designed/modified:
- Equipment
- Task criteria - Using a different skill to achieve the same goal
- Instructions/Rules
- Physical and social environments
World Health Report on Disability
- One of the first reports of its kind, many countries involved
- The right to participate especially for people experiencing disability
- > 1 billion people experience disability and have:
- Poorer health
- Lower education achievements
- Fewer economic opportunities
- Higher rates of poverty
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Article 30)
Right to participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport (enabling people with disabilities to participate on an equal basis in these areas)
Why is APA important?
a) Encourage and promote participation
b) Voice in creating disability-specific sporting events on an EQUAL BASIS
c) Access to sporting venues
d) Children with disabilities have equal access in participation (ex. in school)
e) Access to services from event organizers
World Health Organization (WHO) definition of disability
- Dynamic and complex
- Reflects features of body and interactions with society
- Some aspects are completely internal (ex. pain), and some are completely external (ex. negative attitudes)
- Puts responsibility on both individual and society
Disability is an umbrella term for:
- Impairment - Problem with body function or structure
- Activity limitation - Problem encountered in EXECUTING A TASK
- Participation restriction - Problem in involvement in life situations (imposed by social attitudes, architecture, social policies, etc.)
What qualifies as a disability according to WHO?
Impairment + (activity limitation and/or participation restriction) = disability
Only impairment ≠ disability always, put in a state of disability, EXPERIENCING disability
Impairment disability can be static or dynamic
What is ICF?
ICF = International classification of functioning, disability, and health
Purpose = worldwide initiative to standardize the definition of disability, and create a universal language
Models of Disability (WHO’s ICF)
Medical Model
Social Model
Can’t treat one model with a method of the other
Medical model
Concerns feature(s) of the body, caused by something
- treat and correct approach
- (PRO) useful if it’s something to be treated, a relief
- (CON) Puts responsibility on person, not always so rigid
Social model
Disability is socially constructed, not housed within the individual/inherent, imposed upon person
- Not about the person
- Exclusion, uninclusive physical space
- Demands political response
- (PRO) Puts responsibility on society
- Ex. someone with verbal disability, they speak loudly, do people tolerate?
What is an Attitude?
Deciding to act in a favourable or unfavourable way
A settled way of thinking/feeling about someone/something, usually one that is reflected (shows) in a person’s behaviour
Hierarchy of Preference
- People with and without impairment have different emotional reactions depending on the disability
- What is the most “favourable” disability to have
- Personal depending on experience and level of comfort
- Tend to blanket (I’m comfortable with autism) but much more nuanced)
What affects someone’s hierarchy of preference?
- How visible/easy to understand it is (can you see what’s up?)
- Interference with communication (verbal vs. non-verbal, speech impairments)
- Social stigma (intellectual impairments and mental health especially but getting better, physical impairments have least)
- Reversibility (temporary vs. long-term)
- Extent of functional impairment (ability to execute tasks)
- Perceived responsibility of their own impairment
