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CC2 > MIDL1 BASIC ENDOCRINOLOGY > Flashcards

MIDL1 BASIC ENDOCRINOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

An organ system in which the hypothalamus, pituitary, and various endocrine glands

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

An increase in a specific hormone
inhibits a particular endocrine organ
to suppress the synthesis and
secretion of that hormone

A

FEEDBACK INHIBITION
Negative Feedback

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3
Q

A decrease in a specific hormone
stimulates a particular endocrine
organ to synthesize and secrete
that hormone

A

FEEDBACK STIMULATION
Positive Feedback

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4
Q

Hormone producing glands

A

Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

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5
Q

Pituitary gland
Anterior:
Posterior:

A

■ Anterior: Synthesis of hormone
■ Posterior: Storage of hormone (ADH & Oxytocin)

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6
Q

Chemical substances that send a message to
another cell in the body.

A

Hormones

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7
Q

Cellular messages sent to other cells via
the bloodstream

A

Endocrine

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8
Q

Cellular messages sent via GIT

A

Exocrine

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9
Q

Cellular messages sent Neurologically

A

Neurocrine

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10
Q

Cellular messages sent via the
Interstitial Fluid

A

Paracrine

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11
Q

Hormones secreted by hypothalamus

A

1) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
2) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
3) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
4) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
5) Somatostatin or Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
(GHIH)

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12
Q

Stimulates: Release of TSH

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

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13
Q

Hormones secreted by ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinizing-hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin
Growth Hormone/Somatotropin
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)/Corticotropin

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14
Q

Has the capacity to synthesize or produce
hormones.

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

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15
Q

hormones stored in Posterior pituitary gland

A

Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin

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16
Q

Does NOT have the capacity to synthesize or
produce hormones.

Function is on the STORAGE

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

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17
Q

These are hormones synthesized by the
hypothalamus and later on will be stored in the
posterior pituitary gland.

A

Oxytocin and ADH

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18
Q

OBs would give synthetic
oxytocin in the form of ___ to induce labor.

A

Pitocin

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19
Q

THYROID GLAND HORMONE

A

Thyroxine (T4)/Tetraiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

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20
Q

Hypocalcemic Agent: Released in
response to hypercalcemia

A

Calcitonin

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21
Q

MOA of Calcitonin

A

MoA: Inhibits PTH and Vitamin D

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22
Q

Hormone secreted bu parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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23
Q

Hypercalcemic Agent: Released in
response to hypocalcemia

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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24
Q

MoA of parathyroid hormone

A

■ Activates bone resorption
■ Renal reabsorption of calcium
■ Vitamin D production in renal
tubules

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25
Outer layer of the adrenal gland
ADRENAL CORTEX
26
Hormones secreted by adrenal cortex
Aldosterone Cortisol Adrenal androgens and estrogen
27
Sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone
28
Produced by the adrenal cortex aside from gonads, testes and the ovaries
Adrenal androgens and Estrogen (sex hormones)
29
Inner layer of the adrenal gland
Adrenal medulla
30
Hormones secreted by adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine/Noradrenaline Epinephrine/Adrenaline
31
Hormones secreted by ovaries
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Estrogen Progesterone Inhibin A & B
32
Hormones secreted by testes
Testosterone Inhibin B
33
Hormones secreted by pancreas
Glucagon Insulin
34
Hyperglycemic agent: Increases the glucose level in the blood in response to hypoglycemia.
Glucagon
35
Moa of glucagon
MoA: Released by the alpha islets of Langerhans when there is a decrease in supply of glucose in the blood, through glycogenolysis and promotes gluconeogenesis.
36
Hypoglycemic agent: Decreases the glucose level in the blood in response to hyperglycemia.
Insulin
37
Moa of insulin
MoA: Released by the beta islets of Langerhans. Insulin would stimulate the uptake of extra glucose levels from the bloodstream and would be deposited in the liver and muscle cells through glycogenesis.
38
Hormones secreted by PINEAL GLAND/PINEAL BODY/ EPIPHYSIS CEREBRI
Melatonin
39
Sleep hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycle/circadian rhythm
Melatonin
40
■ Inhibited by → Light (decreased) ■ Released in → Dark (increased)
Melatonin
41
CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES
AMINE PEPTIDE PROTEIN GLYCOPROTEIN STEROID FATTY ACIDS
42
Lactogenic hormone
Prolactin
43
Amino acids (e.g., tryptophan or tyrosine) are modified → Amine hormones Short half-lives
AMINE
44
Examples of amine
Catecholamine (Epinephrine and norepinephrine) Triiodothyronine Thyroxine Serotonin Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Melatonin
45
Hydrophilic (water-soluble) ≤50 amino acid chains In humans, peptide hormones are usually around 20 amino acid chains
Peptide
46
Examples of peptide
Vasopressin Oxytocin
47
>50 amino acid chains
PROTEIN
48
Examples of protein
Adrenocorticotropic hormone Calcitonin Insulin Glucagon
49
Conjugated proteins bound to carbohydrate (fructose, mannose, galactose)
GLYCOPROTEIN
50
Examples of glycoprotein
Gonadotropins ■ Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ■ Luteinizing hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
51
Derived from lipid, typically cholesterol Hydrophobic (can cross cellular membrane easily)
STEROID
52
Made up of small fatty acid derivatives of arachidonic acid
FATTY ACIDS
53
is a precursor needed in the production of other substances like Eicosanoids, Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, Thromboxane
Arachidonic acid
54
Role in inflammation and blood clotting.
Arachidonic acid
55
Examples of fatty acids
Eicosanoids Leukotrienes Prostaglandins Thromboxane
56
Hormone metabolism
Catabolism - breakdown Anabolism - synthesis
57
Most Hormones are Eliminated by:
Kidneys or Liver
58
Other Routes of Elimination
Steroid Hormones → Urine or Bile Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4) → Inactivated by Intracellular deiodinases Catecholamines → W/ the Blood circulation Fatty Acid Derivatives → Rapidly inactivated by metabolism
59
2 Types of Hormone Transport:
Free/Unbound Form Protein Bound Form
60
Primary disorder
Thyroid gland
61
Secondary disorder
Pituitary gland
62
Tertiary disorders
Hypothalamus
63
OTHER FACTORS THAT AFFECT HORMONE LEVELS
EMOTIONAL STRESS TIME OF DAY MENSTRUAL CYCLE MENOPAUSE HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY FOOD INTAKE/DIET DRUGS

CC2 (3 decks)

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