Middle East history Flashcards
Promised Land/Canaan
Land Jews believe was promised to Abraham by God
Ottoman Empire
Defeated in WWI. Land was divided by European powers.
Diaspora
Scattering of the Jewish people. It began by the Romans in AD 70
Anti-Semitism
Hatred towards the Jewish people
Pogroms
Organized attacks against Jews in Europe. Began in the mid 1800’s
Holocaust
Murder of 6million Jews during WWII
Zionism
Movement to create a Jewish nation in Palestine
Refugees
A person who flees their home because of wars
Persian Gulf War
1990-1991 Kuwait was invaded by Saddam Hussein. Also known as Desert Shield or Desert Storm
Operation Iraqi Freedom
2003-present.US invaded Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein
War In Afghanistan
US invaded Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban and fight Al Quaeda/Osama Bin Laden
War on Terror
2001-present. US and allies fighting terrorist groups in many countries.
Fundamentalism
An extreme form of a religion
Al-Quaeda
Terrorist group that attacked the US on 9/11
Osama Bin-Laden
Leader of Al-Quaeda
Taliban
Former rulers of Afghanistan. Radical fundamentalists allowed Al-Qaeda to have training camps and protected Bin Laden
Afghanistan
Current government is cooperating with our efforts.
Pakistan
Al-Qaeda is hiding along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. We need their government to cooperate with our efforts.
Osman
Turkish military leader that defeated other Turkish tribes to become ruler of a small kingdom, the Ottoman Empire.
What religion were the Ottoman Turks?
Muslims, but the did not impose Islamic law.
Who did the Turks support during world war 1?
The central powers.
Why were the ottomans called the sick man of Europe?
Because, they were very weak, losing supporters and losing their countries
Who supported the central powers?
Germany and Austria Hungary. They took up most of the Ottoman Empire after the war.
Kemal ataturk
He was a heroic leader that kept the allied powers from taking land now part of turkey.
Why did the Ottoman Empire enter ww1 on the side of the central powers?
The Turks assumed the central powers would win the war. They believed Germany would keep Russia from taking land from their declining empire.
What nations composed allied forces.
Britain France USA and Russia.
Explain why West Palm Beach, Florida is considered a “warm water port”
The water is never frozen so you can ship goods in all seasons.
Why didn’t the Russians take any land from the Ottoman Empire despite the Allied victory in the conflict
The Russian people revolted in 1917 and withdrew from the war.
Who is the opponents in the creation of Israel?
Arab nation AKA: Palestinians
Who are the supporters in the creation of Israel?
United Nations a.k.a.: Britain
In what year did the war between United States and Afghanistan begin in?
2001
What was the spark that set off the war?
9/11
After 9/11 attacks what did president bush demand?
Al Qaeda leaders should be turned over and terrorist training camps should be shut down
True or false: Osama bin Laden was finally found in the caves of Tora Bora
False
Who was the president of Afghanistan in the second stage of the war
Osama bin Laden
What was under the current rule of Afghanistan
Woman had to wear the burqa
The Soviet Legacy to Afghanistan was?
Landmines.
Who controlled Palestine prior to World War I? Why did they lose control of the land after World War I?
The Ottoman Empire controlled Palestine.
Because they were on the losing side of the war.
Who gained control of Palestine after WWI? After WWII?
British controlled after World War I. After World War II the United Nations controlled.
What is Zionism? Who would zionists support?
Zionism is a movement to create a Jewish homeland Palestine; Israel/ The Jews
What is anti-Semitism? What is an example of anti-Semitism
Hatred towards the Jews, the Holocaust
How did the Holocaust affect the Zionism?
Support for the Jews increased because of the suffering during the Holocaust
What organization declared a new country called Israel in 1948
The united nations
What are the ethnic/religious differences between Israel and Palestinians
Israelis are Hebrew Jews; Palestinians are Arab Muslim
How did Palestinians feel about the creation of Israel? How have Arab countries shown support for Palestinians?
They believed it was unfair because it took land away from them; show support by refusing to recognize isreal and attacking/invading Israel
What powerful country has been Israel’s strongest ally?
The United States
What was the outcome of the Six-Day War between the Israel and the Arabs?
Israel seized the Sinai Peninsula and Palestinian territories
What was the purpose of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed in 1964?
To take Palestine back from Israel
PLO
Palestine Liberation Organization
What are the occupied territories?
Areas that belong to Arabs that are currently occupied by the nation of Israel
How do Palestinians feel about Jewish settlements in occupied territories?
Palestinians feel it is an invasion of their land
What is a refugee?
A person who had to leave their home as a result of war
What has become of many of the Palestinians who became refugees in 1948?
Many still live in refugee camps
What are the United States main interest in the Middle East?
Oil and national security
Why did the US get involved in the Persian Gulf war in 1990?
The economies of many countries depend on oil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supply
Why did the United States go to war against Iraq in 2003?
The US believed Saddam Hussein was a threat to peace and United States interest in the region.
Why does the United States still have troops in Iraq today?
To support the newly formed government security forces
Why did the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001?
The Afghanistan government (Taliban) was offering safety to Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
Who are the Taliban?
A group of radical Muslims who controlled Afghanistan before 9/11
Which of the following is a goal of Al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations?
Bring about an end to Western influence in the Middle East
What causes pollution in the Middle East?
Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and drilling for oil
