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Social Studies > Middle East history > Flashcards

Middle East history Flashcards

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0
Q

Promised Land/Canaan

A

Land Jews believe was promised to Abraham by God

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1
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Defeated in WWI. Land was divided by European powers.

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2
Q

Diaspora

A

Scattering of the Jewish people. It began by the Romans in AD 70

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3
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

Hatred towards the Jewish people

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4
Q

Pogroms

A

Organized attacks against Jews in Europe. Began in the mid 1800’s

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5
Q

Holocaust

A

Murder of 6million Jews during WWII

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6
Q

Zionism

A

Movement to create a Jewish nation in Palestine

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7
Q

Refugees

A

A person who flees their home because of wars

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8
Q

Persian Gulf War

A

1990-1991 Kuwait was invaded by Saddam Hussein. Also known as Desert Shield or Desert Storm

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9
Q

Operation Iraqi Freedom

A

2003-present.US invaded Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein

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10
Q

War In Afghanistan

A

US invaded Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban and fight Al Quaeda/Osama Bin Laden

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11
Q

War on Terror

A

2001-present. US and allies fighting terrorist groups in many countries.

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12
Q

Fundamentalism

A

An extreme form of a religion

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13
Q

Al-Quaeda

A

Terrorist group that attacked the US on 9/11

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14
Q

Osama Bin-Laden

A

Leader of Al-Quaeda

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15
Q

Taliban

A

Former rulers of Afghanistan. Radical fundamentalists allowed Al-Qaeda to have training camps and protected Bin Laden

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16
Q

Afghanistan

A

Current government is cooperating with our efforts.

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17
Q

Pakistan

A

Al-Qaeda is hiding along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. We need their government to cooperate with our efforts.

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18
Q

Osman

A

Turkish military leader that defeated other Turkish tribes to become ruler of a small kingdom, the Ottoman Empire.

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19
Q

What religion were the Ottoman Turks?

A

Muslims, but the did not impose Islamic law.

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20
Q

Who did the Turks support during world war 1?

A

The central powers.

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21
Q

Why were the ottomans called the sick man of Europe?

A

Because, they were very weak, losing supporters and losing their countries

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22
Q

Who supported the central powers?

A

Germany and Austria Hungary. They took up most of the Ottoman Empire after the war.

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23
Q

Kemal ataturk

A

He was a heroic leader that kept the allied powers from taking land now part of turkey.

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24
Q

Why did the Ottoman Empire enter ww1 on the side of the central powers?

A

The Turks assumed the central powers would win the war. They believed Germany would keep Russia from taking land from their declining empire.

25
Q

What nations composed allied forces.

A

Britain France USA and Russia.

26
Q

Explain why West Palm Beach, Florida is considered a “warm water port”

A

The water is never frozen so you can ship goods in all seasons.

27
Q

Why didn’t the Russians take any land from the Ottoman Empire despite the Allied victory in the conflict

A

The Russian people revolted in 1917 and withdrew from the war.

28
Q

Who is the opponents in the creation of Israel?

A

Arab nation AKA: Palestinians

29
Q

Who are the supporters in the creation of Israel?

A

United Nations a.k.a.: Britain

30
Q

In what year did the war between United States and Afghanistan begin in?

A

2001

31
Q

What was the spark that set off the war?

A

9/11

32
Q

After 9/11 attacks what did president bush demand?

A

Al Qaeda leaders should be turned over and terrorist training camps should be shut down

33
Q

True or false: Osama bin Laden was finally found in the caves of Tora Bora

A

False

34
Q

Who was the president of Afghanistan in the second stage of the war

A

Osama bin Laden

35
Q

What was under the current rule of Afghanistan

A

Woman had to wear the burqa

36
Q

The Soviet Legacy to Afghanistan was?

A

Landmines.

37
Q

Who controlled Palestine prior to World War I? Why did they lose control of the land after World War I?

A

The Ottoman Empire controlled Palestine.

Because they were on the losing side of the war.

38
Q

Who gained control of Palestine after WWI? After WWII?

A

British controlled after World War I. After World War II the United Nations controlled.

39
Q

What is Zionism? Who would zionists support?

A

Zionism is a movement to create a Jewish homeland Palestine; Israel/ The Jews

40
Q

What is anti-Semitism? What is an example of anti-Semitism

A

Hatred towards the Jews, the Holocaust

41
Q

How did the Holocaust affect the Zionism?

A

Support for the Jews increased because of the suffering during the Holocaust

42
Q

What organization declared a new country called Israel in 1948

A

The united nations

43
Q

What are the ethnic/religious differences between Israel and Palestinians

A

Israelis are Hebrew Jews; Palestinians are Arab Muslim

44
Q

How did Palestinians feel about the creation of Israel? How have Arab countries shown support for Palestinians?

A

They believed it was unfair because it took land away from them; show support by refusing to recognize isreal and attacking/invading Israel

45
Q

What powerful country has been Israel’s strongest ally?

A

The United States

46
Q

What was the outcome of the Six-Day War between the Israel and the Arabs?

A

Israel seized the Sinai Peninsula and Palestinian territories

47
Q

What was the purpose of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed in 1964?

A

To take Palestine back from Israel

48
Q

PLO

A

Palestine Liberation Organization

49
Q

What are the occupied territories?

A

Areas that belong to Arabs that are currently occupied by the nation of Israel

50
Q

How do Palestinians feel about Jewish settlements in occupied territories?

A

Palestinians feel it is an invasion of their land

51
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A person who had to leave their home as a result of war

52
Q

What has become of many of the Palestinians who became refugees in 1948?

A

Many still live in refugee camps

53
Q

What are the United States main interest in the Middle East?

A

Oil and national security

54
Q

Why did the US get involved in the Persian Gulf war in 1990?

A

The economies of many countries depend on oil and Iraq’s actions threatened that supply

55
Q

Why did the United States go to war against Iraq in 2003?

A

The US believed Saddam Hussein was a threat to peace and United States interest in the region.

56
Q

Why does the United States still have troops in Iraq today?

A

To support the newly formed government security forces

57
Q

Why did the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001?

A

The Afghanistan government (Taliban) was offering safety to Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden

58
Q

Who are the Taliban?

A

A group of radical Muslims who controlled Afghanistan before 9/11

59
Q

Which of the following is a goal of Al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations?

A

Bring about an end to Western influence in the Middle East

60
Q

What causes pollution in the Middle East?

A

Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and drilling for oil

Social Studies (4 decks)

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