Middle East (1895-1967) Flashcards
Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam organized the Black Hand in Palestine. What was the goal of this group?
The Black Hand was an anti-Zionist and anti-British militant organization.Founded in 1930 by Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam.
Who was Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam and what role did he play in Palestine’s resistance?
Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam was a Syrian Muslim preacher who arrived in Palestine in 1930. He organized and led the Black Hand militant group against British and Zionist influence in Palestine.He was killed by the British in 1935.
What was the Arab Revolt (1936-1939) in Palestine?
The Arab Revolt was a nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs against British rule, demanding Arab independence.It began with a general strike organized by the Arab Higher Committee (AHC) in 1936 and escalated to armed insurrection.1936-1939.
What was the outcome of the Arab Revolt of 1936-1939?
The revolt led to heavy British repression, including the detention of Palestinian leaders and military responses to the insurgency. The British implemented martial law.The revolt ended in 1939, after a heavy toll on both sides.
Which groups were involved in the Jewish Resistance Movement in Palestine?
The Jewish Resistance Movement was formed by an alliance of three Zionist paramilitary organizations: Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi.1945-1946.
What were the main operations carried out by the Jewish Resistance Movement?
The Jewish Resistance Movement carried out several operations, including:
Release of 200 members of Aliyah Bet from the detention camp in Atlit.
Bombings of railroads, bridges, and train stations during the Night of the Trains and Night of the Bridges.
Attacks on British police stations and the bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem.1945-46.
What was the significance of the King David Hotel bombing?
The King David Hotel bombing resulted in 91 deaths, including 28 British citizens and 41 Palestinian Arabs, marking a key violent act against British rule.July 1946.
When did the British announce their departure from Palestine?
The British announced they would leave Palestine in 1947.
What happened after the British withdrew from Palestine in 1947?
After the British withdrawal in 1947, the United Nations was tasked with resolving the issues between Jews and Arabs, leading to the UN Partition Plan.
What was the Cyprus Emergency?
The Cyprus Emergency was a four-year insurgency (1955-1959) led by the Greek Cypriot militia EOKA against British colonial rule.1955-1959.
What was the goal of the Greek Cypriot militia EOKA?
EOKA sought the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece (enosis).The militia was active from 1955-1959.
What was the outcome of the Cyprus Emergency for British rule?
Britain agreed to withdraw from Cyprus in 1959 and grant the island independence, resulting in the creation of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960.Independence granted in 1960.
What was the “Free Kuwaiti Movement”?
The Free Kuwaiti Movement was established in the 1930s by Kuwaiti youth who opposed British-imposed separation from Iraq, advocating for the reunification of Kuwait and Iraq.Founded in 1938.
What were the causes of unrest in Kuwait during the 1930s?
The unrest was caused by the British-imposed separation of Kuwait from Iraq, leading to the formation of the Free Kuwaiti Movement.The movement peaked in 1938.
When did Kuwait gain independence from Britain?
Kuwait gained independence from Britain on June 19, 1961.
What was the Aden Emergency?
The Aden Emergency (1963-1967) was a resistance movement by local nationalists in South Yemen against British colonial rule. It was inspired by Nasser’s pan-Arab nationalism.1963-1967.
What were the main tactics used during the Aden Emergency?
The insurgents, including the National Liberation Front (NLF), used grenade attacks and guerrilla tactics targeting British officers and police.The conflict lasted from 1963 to 1967.
When did Britain evacuate Aden?
The British evacuated Aden in 1967, marking the end of their rule in the region.1967.
What led to the first revolt in Bahrain in 1895?
The first revolt in Bahrain was sparked by the British establishing complete dominance over the territory in 1892, leading to unrest among the local population.The revolt occurred in 1895.
What role did British influence play in Bahrain’s revolts?
Bahrain experienced uprisings due to British control over its governance, particularly in the 1890s and later during the 1940s and 1960s.Key revolts took place in 1895, 1911, 1948, and 1965.
What were the demands of the National Union Committee in Bahrain in the 1950s?
The National Union Committee demanded an elected assembly and the removal of British officials like Sir Charles Belgrave.The committee formed in the 1950s.
When did Bahrain gain independence from Britain?
Bahrain gained independence on August 15, 1971, after a UN referendum.Independence granted in 1971.
What caused the Iraqi revolt of 1920 against British rule?
The revolt was sparked by widespread Muslim demonstrations against British military presence and governance in Baghdad.The revolt occurred in 1920.
What was the outcome of the 1920 Iraqi revolt?
The revolt led to British military intervention, but after the Cairo Conference of 1921, the British allowed some local self-government.The revolt was suppressed by 1921.
