East Africa (1886-1964) Flashcards
(16 cards)
What religious groups had success in converting the Bugandan people, and how did Mwanga II respond
Anglican and French Catholic missionaries, as well as Zanzibari Muslims, converted many Bugandans.
Mwanga II opposed this and aggressively expelled missionaries.
He demanded that Christian converts abandon their faith or face execution.
(1886-1894)
How did Mwanga II assert his authority against Christians in Buganda?
He executed around 30 Catholics and Protestants.
Among the executed were two Christians who held the court position of Master of the Pages.
This act provoked a civil war in Buganda.
(1886)
What treaty did Mwanga II sign, and what powers did it transfer?
Mwanga II signed a treaty with Lord Lugard on behalf of the Imperial British East Africa Company.
It transferred control over revenue, trade, and the administration of justice to the British company.
(1890)
How did Buganda officially come under British rule?
The British Crown took over the powers previously held by the Imperial British East Africa Company.
Buganda officially became a protectorate, forming part of Uganda.
(1894)
How did Mwanga II attempt to regain his lost territory, and what was his fate?
He made two unsuccessful attempts to reclaim his rule, leading rebel armies.
He was captured and exiled to the Seychelles, where he remained for the rest of his life.
(1897-1898)
How did Britain establish control over Zanzibar?
Britain declared Zanzibar a protectorate and installed Sultan Hamid bin Thuwaini as a puppet ruler.
When Hamid died, his anti-British cousin Khalid took power.
Britain ordered Khalid to step down, but he refused, leading to military action.
(1890-1896)
What happened in the Anglo-Zanzibar War, and why is it historically significant?
Khalid’s army of 2,800 men, including 700 Zanzibari Askari soldiers, attempted to resist British forces.
Khalid’s artillery included Maxim machine guns and outdated cannons.
The British bombarded the Sultan’s palace.
Khalid surrendered after just 38 minutes—the shortest war in history.
A pro-British monarch, Sultan Hamud, was installed.
(1896)
Who led the Dervish Movement, and what was its goal?
Led by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, a Salihiyya Sufi Muslim poet and militant leader.
Aimed to remove British and Italian influence and restore an Islamic government.
(1899-1920)
What strategies did the Dervish Movement use to resist British rule?
Created the Khususi, a ruling council of Islamic clan leaders and an Ottoman adviser.
Gained arms from Ottoman and German allies while the British armed rival clans.
Used guerrilla warfare to sustain resistance.
(1899-1920)
What was the Dervish Movement’s most successful campaign against the British?
Infiltrated British Somaliland and inflicted significant losses.
Forced the British to retreat to coastal regions, leaving the interior under Dervish control.
Established a mobile Somali proto-state with fluctuating boundaries.
(1908)
Who was Harry Thuku, and what was his role in East African nationalism?
Formed the Young Kikuyu to fight for land rights.
Founded the East African Association in 1921, advocating for African rights.
Inspired by post-WWII radicalism, helped create the Kenya African Study Union, later Kenya African Union.
(1920s-1946)
What was the Mau Mau uprising, and why was it significant?
A Kikuyu-led movement against British rule and white settler dominance.
Used guerrilla warfare and targeted both white settlers and Kikuyu who refused the Mau Mau oath.
British Governor Sir Evelyn Baring declared a State of Emergency and suppressed the rebellion.
(1952-1956)
What led to the end of the Mau Mau movement, and how did it contribute to Kenyan independence?
British forces gradually crushed the Mau Mau by uprooting Kikuyu villages and cutting off support.
Leader Dedan Kimathi was captured and executed.
British concerns over international scrutiny and high costs led to Kenyan independence.
(1956-1963)
How did Jomo Kenyatta transition from political prisoner to Kenya’s leader?
Joined the Kikuyu Central Association and later became leader of the Kenya African Union.
Arrested and imprisoned for alleged ties to the Mau Mau.
While in prison, elected leader of the Kenya African National Union (KANU).
Led negotiations that secured Kenya’s independence.
Became Prime Minister, then President.
(1946-1964)
Who was Milton Obote, and what role did he play in Ugandan independence?
Joined the Uganda National Congress (UNC) and won a seat in the Legislative Council.
Became Prime Minister of an independent Uganda.
Declared himself President after suspending the constitution.
Forced rival Mutesa into exile and consolidated power.
(1956-1967)
What happened during the Zanzibar Revolution, and how did it lead to the formation of Tanzania?
The African Afro-Shirazi Party overthrew the ruling Arab elite.
Widespread looting, killings, and rapes occurred against Arab and Indian civilians.
Leader Abeid Karume negotiated a merger with Tanganyika, forming Tanzania.
(1964)
