Middle Childhood Study Questions

Question 1

In most industrialized nations, the secular gain in height has slowed in recent decades, but weight gain

Answer 1

is continuing at a high rate

Question 2

Synaptic pruning and the accompanying reorganization and selection of brain circuits contribute to

Answer 2

more efficient information processing.

Question 3

Compared with adequately nourished agemates, growth-stunted school-age children

Answer 3

respond with greater fear to stressful situations.

Question 4

Today ___ percent of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight, and ___ percent are obese.

Answer 4

32; 17

Question 5

By the end of the middle school years, __________ affects nearly 25 percent of children.

Answer 5

myopia

Question 6

What percent of American school-age children suffer from nocturnal enuresis?

Answer 6

10 percent

Question 7

One of the risk factors for developing asthma in childhood is

Answer 7

being born underweight.

Question 8

An effective safety education program would include

Answer 8

extensive modeling, rehearsal of safety practices, performance feedback, tangible rewards, and booster sessions.

Question 9

The school-age period may be especially important for fostering healthy lifestyles because of the child’s

Answer 9

growing independence and self-concept.

Question 10

Compared with preschoolers, school-age children are

Answer 10

more flexible and elastic.

Question 11

Gains in fine-motor skills are especially evident in children’s

Answer 11

writing and drawing.

Question 12

The transition to rule-oriented games in middle childhood particularly depends upon

Answer 12

the ability to understand the roles of several players in a game.

Question 13

Which statement is true about adult-organized youth sports?

Answer 13

Children enjoy sports more when effort and teamwork are emphasized.

Question 14

The rough-and-tumble play that middle school children engage in

Answer 14

is a good-natured social activity that is distinct from aggression.

Question 15

Taking recess breaks has been shown to be especially important for _____ children.

Answer 15

younger

Question 16

The __________ grow(s) fastest during middle childhood.

Answer 16

lower portion of the body

Question 17

In industrialized nations, secular trends in physical growth indicate

Answer 17

changes in body size from one generation to the next.

Question 18

During middle childhood, children have

Answer 18

unusual flexibility of movement.

Question 19

Malocclusion can be caused by

Answer 19

thumb and finger sucking after permanent teeth erupt

Question 20

During middle childhood, reorganization and pruning of neural connections leads to

Answer 20

more efficient information processing and gains in attention and inhibition.

Question 21

Obese children

Answer 21

are more responsive to food stimuli than normal-weight children

Question 22

In diverse cultures, the incidence of myopia has increased because

Answer 22

children are spending more time reading, writing, and using the computer.

Question 23

As many as 20 percent of low-SES children develop some hearing loss due to

Answer 23

repeated ear infections.

Question 24

To treat nocturnal enuresis, doctors often prescribe

Answer 24

antidepressants.

Question 25

On average, illness causes children to miss about _____ days of school per year.

Answer 25

11

Question 26

With regard to the causes of asthma, researchers believe that

Answer 26

heredity contributes, but environmental factors are necessary to spark the illness.

Question 27

Which explanation of disease is most likely from an American first-grader?

Answer 27

“You probably caught a cold by playing outside in the cold weather.”

Question 28

Of the following, which is an important strategy for fostering healthy lifestyles in school-age children?

Answer 28

Teach children to be critical of media advertising.

Question 29

During middle childhood, boys are considerably ahead of girls in

Answer 29

kicking skill and accuracy.

Question 30

Along with body growth, improved __________________ also sparks improvements in motor skills.

Answer 30

information processing

Question 31

For most children, joining community athletic teams is associated with

Answer 31

increased social competence.

Question 32

By age 6,

Answer 32

the child’s brain has reached 90 percent of its adult weight.

Question 33

During middle childhood, what will parents especially notice about their child’s growth?

Answer 33

Pants and shoes need to be replaced frequently because the lower body grows the fastest.

Question 34

What evolutionary adaptation has resulted in shorter, stocky children?

Answer 34

living in a cold, arctic climate

Question 35

Maya’s grandmother is very short and her mother is slightly taller. At age 13, Maya is already taller than both of them. This is an example of a(n)

Answer 35

secular trend.

Question 36

__________ is a condition in which the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly, which can be caused by __________.

Answer 36

Malocclusion; crowding of permanent teeth

Question 37

Which of the following is a powerful predictor of poor health during middle childhood?

Answer 37

poverty

Question 38

Children who suffer from undernourishment and malnutrition in their early years are

Answer 38

at risk for excessive weight gain later in life.

Question 39

Your neighbor is concerned about her obese 8-year-old’s health, and wants to help her lose weight. Which would be the most effective treatment?

Answer 39

Implement a family-based intervention that focuses on changing behaviors.

Question 40

Myopia is one of the few health conditions to increase

Answer 40

with family income and education.

Question 41

The most effective treatment for nocturnal enuresis is

Answer 41

a urine alarm.

Question 42

The most common chronic illness of childhood is

Answer 42

asthma.

Question 43

Young children regard health as a simple matter of engaging in specific practices because they

Answer 43

know very little about biology.

Question 44

Running, hopping, skipping, throwing, and kicking all require athletic skill in

Answer 44

balance.

Question 45

Of the following, which statement is true regarding athletic performance of school-age boys and girls?

Answer 45

Girls regard boys’ advantage in sports as unjust.

Question 46

Middle childhood is a crucial time to encourage girls’ participation in sports because during this period,

Answer 46

children start to discover what they are good at.

Question 47

Because __________ rely on simple physical skills and a sizable element of luck, they rarely become contests of individual ability.

Answer 47

child-invented games

Question 48

Parental concerns about neighborhood safety have resulted in

Answer 48

less spontaneous play and more adult-organized activities.

Question 49

About ___ percent of boys and ____ percent of girls participate in organized sports outside of school hours at some time between ages 5 and 18.

Answer 49

60; 37

Question 50

According to one study, kindergartners and first graders showed positive academic achievement if they did what during recess?

Answer 50

had conversations with other students

Question 51

Children between ages 7 and 10 are interested in collecting items like stamps, coins, and rocks because

Answer 51

they enjoy separating and rearranging objects into classes and subclasses.

Question 52

transitive inference.

Answer 52

concrete operational thinking.

Question 53

Neo-Piagetian theorists argue that the development of operational thinking can best be understood in terms of

Answer 53

gains in information-processing speed.

Question 54

Prefrontal cortex development in middle childhood contributes to what aspect of thinking?

Answer 54

gains in inhibition

Question 55

Children with ADHD cannot ______________ for more than a few minutes.

Answer 55

stay focused on a cognitive task

Question 56

When groups of fourth-grade experts and nonexperts in soccer knowledge were given lists of new soccer and nonsoccer items to learn,

Answer 56

the experts remembered more new soccer items than the nonexperts.

Question 57

Appreciation of _______ enables children to identify the reasons that another person arrived at a certain belief.

Answer 57

second-order false beliefs

Question 58

Throughout elementary and secondary school, cognitive self-regulation predicts

Answer 58

academic success.

Question 59

The individual tests most commonly used to measure children’s intelligence are the __________ and the __________.

Answer 59

Stanford-Binet; Wechsler

Question 60

Many studies reveal a __________ relationship between processing speed, measured in terms of reaction time on diverse cognitive tasks, and __________.

Answer 60

moderate; IQ

Question 61

When researchers asked ethnically diverse parents for their idea of an intelligent first grader, Caucasian Americans mentioned __________, and ethnic minorities mentioned __________.

Answer 61

cognitive traits; motivation and self-management

Question 62

Gardner’s set of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences not tapped by IQ scores have become known as __________ intelligence.

Answer 62

emotional

Question 63

Emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with

Answer 63

depression.

Question 64

Based upon heritability estimates and kinship evidence, researchers estimate that

Answer 64

about half of the differences in IQ among children can be traced to their genetic makeup.

Question 65

Arthur Jensen is controversial because he believes that

Answer 65

heredity is largely responsible for group differences in intelligence.

Question 66

With increasing education, many ethnic-minority parents shift from a __________ style of communication to a __________ style of communication.

Answer 66

collaborative; hierarchical

Question 67

Of the following, which is true of dynamic assessment?

Answer 67

It involves adult intervention in the testing situation.

Question 68

What results when school-age children become stigmatized by ethnic stereotypes?

Answer 68

They start to devalue academic achievement.

Question 69

Children of bilingual parents who teach them both languages in infancy and early childhood

Answer 69

show no special problems with language development.

Question 70

A large-scale study of Tennessee kindergartners found that placing a teacher’s aide in regular-size classes

Answer 70

had no impact on reading and math achievement.

Question 71

Of the following, which Vygotsky-inspired teaching method was originally designed to improve reading comprehension in poorly achieving students?

Answer 71

reciprocal teaching

Question 72

Public education is largely supported by

Answer 72

local property taxes.

Question 73

Nongame computer use is associated with

Answer 73

academic progress in writing and research.

Question 74

The standard definition of giftedness is based on an intelligence test score of at least

Answer 74

130.

Question 75

Tests that have been devised to assess children’s capacity for creative thought tap __________ thinking.

Answer 75

divergent

Question 76

When children become capable of decentration in middle childhood, they can

Answer 76

focus on several aspects of a problem and relate them.

Question 77

Which child is engaging in seriation?

Answer 77

Kyle, who arranges a bunch of sticks in size order from shortest to longest

Question 78

Of the following, which statement is true regarding young children’s cognitive maps?

Answer 78

By the end of middle childhood, children combine landmarks and routes into an overall view of space.

Question 79

Of the following, children typically master conservation of _____ first.

Answer 79

number

Question 80

Young children often rely on cumbersome __________ strategies, perhaps because they do not realize that certain problems can be solved __________.

Answer 80

empirical; logically

Question 81

Time needed to process information on a wide variety of cognitive tasks declines rapidly between ages _____ in children from several cultures.

Answer 81

6 and 12

Question 82

When children are asked to identify a particular two-digit sequence from a stream of irrelevant numbers, researchers are assessing

Answer 82

selective attention skills.

Question 83

For a child to be diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, the child’s symptoms must appear before the age of

Answer 83

7.

Question 84

The first memory strategy to appear in the early grade school years is

Answer 84

rehearsal.

Question 85

In middle childhood, children regard the mind as a(n)

Answer 85

active, constructive agent that is capable of selecting and transforming information.

Question 86

Learned-helpless youngsters receive messages from parents and teachers that

Answer 86

undermine their academic self-esteem and self-regulatory skills.

Question 87

Educators who support the whole-language approach believe that

Answer 87

children learn to read more quickly when exposed to text in its complete form.

Question 88

Over the early elementary school years, the most beneficial approach to teaching mathematics is

Answer 88

a blend of drilling on basic math facts and the development of number sense.

Question 89

When researchers conduct componential analyses of children’s test scores, they are looking for

Answer 89

relationships between aspects of information processing and children’s IQs.

Question 90

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 90

dismisses the idea of general intelligence in favor of at least eight independent intelligences.

Question 91

What are the three types of intelligence included in Sternberg’s triarchic theory?

Answer 91

analytical, creative, and practical

Question 92

Emotional intelligence is positively correlated with

Answer 92

IQ.

Question 93

The authors of The Bell Curve have argued that

Answer 93

heredity contributes to individual and SES differences in IQ.

Question 94

Most American school-age children use a __________ narrative style, whereas African-American children often use a __________ style.

Answer 94

topic-focused; topic-associating

Question 95

Of the following, which statement is true regarding second-language learning?

Answer 95

It can take school-age children 5 to 7 years to become fluent in a second language.

Question 96

Older school-age children in __________ classrooms have a slight edge in achievement test scores, but children in __________ classrooms show gains in critical thinking and have more positive attitudes toward school.

Answer 96

traditional; constructivist

Question 97

The Vygotsky-based innovation of transforming a classroom into communities of learners

Answer 97

assumes that different people have different expertises that can benefit the community and that students may become experts to whom others may turn.

Question 98

School integration has been receding because

Answer 98

federal courts awarded integration authority to states and cities.

Question 99

Five to ten percent of U.S. schoolchildren in inclusive classrooms struggle with one or more aspects of learning, and can be considered to have

Answer 99

learning disabilities.

Question 100

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, young people in __________ are consistently top performers.

Answer 100

Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan

Question 101

The ability to seriate mentally is known as

Answer 101

transitive inference.

Question 102

Around age 8 to 10, children’s maps begin to depict

Answer 102

landmarks along an organized route of travel.

Question 103

One limitation of concrete operational thinking is that children

Answer 103

have difficulty performing mental operations with abstract ideas.

Question 104

Robbie Case believed that the development of operational thinking is due to gains in

Answer 104

speed of information processing.

Question 105

Individuals skilled at inhibition can prevent their minds from straying to irrelevant thoughts, which is an ability that

Answer 105

preserves space in working memory for the task at hand.

Question 106

Which of the following statements about ADHD is true?

Answer 106

It runs in families and is highly heritable.

Question 107

Ahindro has had no formal schooling. Of the following, which statement is probably true?

Answer 107

He will not benefit from instruction in memory strategies.

Question 108

During the school years, cognitive self-regulation

Answer 108

predicts academic success.

Question 109

Of the following, which statement is true regarding whole language and phonics?

Answer 109

Learning the relationships between letters and sounds enables children to decode words.

Question 110

Mr. Bernalillo is about to administer the WISC-IV to a child who just immigrated from Mexico. He should be cautious about interpreting the __________ score, due to the possibility of cultural bias.

Answer 110

verbal reasoning

Question 111

Of the following, which is true of emotional intelligence?

Answer 111

It predicts many aspects of success in the workplace.

Question 112

Adoption research has confirmed that __________ contribute(s) to children’s IQ scores.

Answer 112

both heredity and environment

Question 113

Tyler pitches for his school’s baseball team. After hearing rumors that his English teacher thinks all athletes are poor students, Tyler feel anxious about his performance in English class. What is Tyler experiencing?

Answer 113

stereotype threat

Question 114

Dr. Farmington is administering a procedure where she pretests, purposefully intervenes, and then retests an ethnic-minority child. Dr. Farmington is conducting

Answer 114

a dynamic assessment.

Question 115

Children’s ability to comprehend subtle metaphors and to appreciate puns largely depends on

Answer 115

understanding words’ double meanings.

Question 116

English-speaking children show gains in grammatical construction through

Answer 116

increased use of the passive voice.

Question 117

Of the following, which statement is true regarding the pragmatics of clear communication?

Answer 117

School-age children adapt to the needs of listeners in challenging communicative situations.

Question 118

Of the following, which is true about narrative styles?

Answer 118

African-American children’s narratives tend to be longer and more complex than those of white children.

Question 119

Canadian language immersion programs are more successful than those in the United States because

Answer 119

French and English are equally valued in Canada.

Question 120

Of the following, which has been shown to predict high student achievement?

Answer 120

maintaining small class sizes from kindergarten through third grade

Question 121

Lawrence’s teacher guides his learning, but no distinction is made between adult and child contributors. Everyone has the authority to define and resolve problems. What type of classroom is this?

Answer 121

community of learners

Question 122

Celeste is a low-achieving student. Research shows that her teacher will probably

Answer 122

publicly compare Celeste to high-achieving students in the class.

Question 123

Of the following, which statement is true regarding educating gifted children?

Answer 123

When parents and teachers push them too hard, they may decide not to pursue their gift.

Question 124

Compared to Asian parents, American parents are more likely to

Answer 124

regard native ability as the key to academic success.

Question 125

According to Erikson, when children positively resolve the psychological conflict of middle childhood, they

Answer 125

develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks.

Question 126

Mead believed that children develop a self-concept based on their personality traits once they have mastered

Answer 126

perspective taking.

Question 127

Chinese and Japanese children

Answer 127

score lower in self-esteem than U.S. children, despite their higher academic achievement.

Question 128

Parents who are overly indulgent have children who

Answer 128

have unrealistically high self-esteem.

Question 129

Of the following, which summarizes research findings on American and Chinese mothers’ responses to their children’s attempts to solve a puzzle?

Answer 129

Chinese mothers made more task-relevant statements regardless of success or failure.

Question 130

Which of these educational strategies fosters a mastery-oriented approach to learning?

Answer 130

Match tasks to current competence so the child is challenged but not overwhelmed.

Question 131

If problem solving does not work for managing emotion, most children will then engage in __________ -centered coping.

Answer 131

emotion

Question 132

When emotional self-regulation is well-developed, school-age children acquire a sense of

Answer 132

emotional self-efficacy.

Question 133

When children attempt to answer questions about God that are too cognitively demanding, they

Answer 133

rely on their knowledge of humans.

Question 134

As children move through the school years,

Answer 134

aggression declines, especially physical attacks.

Question 135

Of the following, which statement is true regarding peer group exclusion?

Answer 135

Girls, especially, regard exclusion as unjust because they experience it more often than boys do.

Question 136

During the school years, friendships

Answer 136

have trust as their defining feature.

Question 137

When children are asked to identify classmates whom they like or dislike, controversial children get

Answer 137

a large number of both positive and negative votes.

Question 138

Typically, a victim of bullying

Answer 138

assumes a defensive posture.

Question 139

By the end of the school years, children

Answer 139

regard gender typing as socially rather than biologically influenced.

Question 140

Incorrect From third to sixth grade,

Answer 140

boys become more stereotypically “masculine,” while girls’ identification with “feminine” traits declines.

Question 141

In middle childhood, sibling rivalry

Answer 141

tends to increase.

Question 142

Of the following, which statement is true regarding never-married, single-parent families?

Answer 142

Never-married African-American mothers often rely on extended family for help in rearing their children.

Question 143

An immediate effect of a parental divorce is that

Answer 143

mother-headed households typically experience a sharp drop in income.

Question 144

Most often, __________ blame themselves for their parents’ marital breakup.

Answer 144

preschool and early school-age children

Question 145

Research on self-care during after-school hours shows that

Answer 145

the percentage of children in self-care increases with socioeconomic status.

Question 146

The best protection against lasting problems for children exposed to ethnic and political violence is

Answer 146

parental affection.

Question 147

Educational programs that teach children to recognize inappropriate sexual advances and whom to turn to for help

Answer 147

are offered by few schools because of the controversy surrounding such programs.

Question 148

______ predicts children’s resistance to suggestion when giving eyewitness testimony.

Answer 148

Inhibition

Question 149

School-based programs to reduce violence and other antisocial acts

Answer 149

build social competence and supportive relationships.

Question 150

According to Erikson, when children in middle childhood are not prepared for school life or when their experiences with teachers are negative, they develop a sense of

Answer 150

inferiority.

Question 151

Unlike the United States, individuals in China define themselves

Answer 151

in relation to their social group.

Question 152

Of the following, which is the best way for parents to encourage a positive, secure self-image?

Answer 152

Realize that worthwhile achievement fosters self-esteem, which, in turn, promotes good performance.

Question 153

-oriented children focus on __________, and learned-helpless children focus on __________.

Answer 153

learning goals; performance goals

Question 154

Making trait statements to children, such as saying “You’re so smart,” promotes

Answer 154

a fixed view of ability, which leads children to question their competence in the face of setbacks.

Question 155

In attribution retraining, children who have developed learned helplessness are

Answer 155

given tasks difficult enough to fail, followed by feedback that helps them revise their attributions.

Question 156

The display of emotional understanding and empathy by young children is linked to

Answer 156

favorable social relationships and prosocial behavior.

Question 157

In Selman’s social-informational perspective-taking stage, children

Answer 157

understand that different perspectives result because people have access to different information.

Question 158

A cognitive-developmental approach to moral development emphasizes

Answer 158

actively thinking about right and wrong.

Question 159

As children construct advanced ideas about justice while taking into account an increasing number of variables, they

Answer 159

clarify and link moral rules and social conventions.

Question 160

Of the following, which statement is true regarding children’s understanding of individual rights?

Answer 160

Notions of personal choice enhance children’s moral understanding.

Question 161

Young children typically regard God as a(n)

Answer 161

parentlike figure residing in the sky.

Question 162

High-quality friendships during middle childhood

Answer 162

remain fairly stable, usually lasting for several years.

Question 163

Children who are classified as __________ on measures of peer acceptance are often unhappy, alienated, poor achievers with low self-esteem.

Answer 163

rejected

Question 164

Most bullies are

Answer 164

unpopular because of their cruelty.

Question 165

Between ages 7 and 13, children generally become

Answer 165

more open-minded about girls being offered the same opportunities as boys.

Question 166

As children demonstrate that they can manage daily activities and responsibilities, effective parents

Answer 166

gradually shift control from adult to child.

Question 167

American children growing up in one-child families

Answer 167

have higher self-esteem and achievement motivation.

Question 168

Limited research on homosexual families indicates that

Answer 168

children often face social discrimination, but overall, develop favorably.

Question 169

When an unmarried mother marries her child’s biological father, the

Answer 169

child benefits only when the father is a reliable source of economic and emotional support.

Question 170

As families go through the transition from marriage to divorce,

Answer 170

discipline may become harsh and inconsistent.

Question 171

As families go through the transition from marriage to divorce,

Answer 171

discipline may become harsh and inconsistent.

Question 172

_________________ tend to have the hardest time adjusting to blended-family relationships.

Answer 172

Older children and girls

Question 173

As children begin to understand the realities of the wider world, new fears emerge, including

Answer 173

the possibility of personal harm, wars, and natural disasters.

Question 174

In the past decade, ____ has left 6 million children physically disabled, 20 million homeless, and more than 1 million separated from their parents.

Answer 174

war

Question 175

The legal requirements for child testimony have recently been relaxed in the United States because of the

Answer 175

rising rates of child abuse.

Question 176

During the school years, children refine their self-concept by

Answer 176

organizing their observations of behaviors and internal states into general dispositions.

Question 177

When describing herself, an older school-age child is likely to

Answer 177

mention both positive and negative traits.

Question 178

Angela has low academic-self esteem. Angela probably judges school subjects as

Answer 178

useless, so she exhibits little willingness to try hard and performs poorly.

Question 179

Teachers who are caring and helpful and who emphasize learning over getting good grades tend to have __________ students.

Answer 179

mastery-oriented

Question 180

__________ motivates children to take on further challenges and __________ prompts them to strive for self-improvement.

Answer 180

Pride; guilt

Question 181

Which is the correct order of Selman’s stages of perspective taking?

Answer 181

undifferentiated, social-informational, self-reflective, third-party, societal

Question 182

Research shows that _________ generally declines in middle childhood.

Answer 182

prejudice

Question 183

Of the following, which statement is true regarding children’s moral and social-conventional understanding?

Answer 183

Children from all cultures realize that higher principles must prevail when people’s personal rights and welfare are at stake.

Question 184

Which statement is true regarding children’s understanding of God?

Answer 184

Children ask thoughtful questions about God.

Question 185

Children who believe that people’s personality traits are fixed rather than changeable often judge others as either

Answer 185

good or bad.

Question 186

Peyton and his friends often hang out together at a skating park. They dress similarly and use a specialized vocabulary. Their behavior reflects typical practices of a

Answer 186

peer group.

Question 187

Lesley and Cara, both aggressive girls, have developed a friendship. The girls’ relationship will probably

Answer 187

be high in exchanges of private feelings, but also full of jealousy, conflict, and betrayal.

Question 188

What is the difference between peer acceptance and friendship?

Answer 188

Unlike friendship, peer acceptance is not a mutual relationship, but rather a one-sided perspective.

Question 189

Most bullies are

Answer 189

boys who rely on verbal and physical attacks.

Question 190

Eight-year-old Sharon thinks that science and math are “boy subjects” and says that she prefers reading and art. Sharon is demonstrating the effects of

Answer 190

gender-stereotyped beliefs.

Question 191

Parents find that __________ is more effective with school-age children because of their greater capacity for logical thinking and increased respect for parents’ expert knowledge.

Answer 191

reasoning

Question 192

Ten-year-old Aaron and 8-year-old Brody are brothers who share a positive sibling bond and warm feelings of affection for each other. Aaron is academically successful and socially competent. Brody will probably

Answer 192

also be academically successful and socially competent.

Question 193

Of the following, which statement is true regarding only children?

Answer 193

Only children tend to be less well-accepted in peer groups than children with siblings.

Question 194

Eleven-year-old Miguel’s parents are getting divorced. Miguel is likely to respond by

Answer 194

escaping into undesirable peer activities.

Question 195

Ms. Liso successfully balances her work as a personal trainer with being 8-year-old Melissa’s mother. Because of her mother’s employment, Melissa will probably

Answer 195

exhibit high self-esteem and become achievement- and career-oriented.

Question 196

Orphans in Eritrea showed less emotional stress after five years when they were placed in a setting where they could

Answer 196

form close relationships with adults.

Question 197

In about 25 percent of child abuse cases, the abuser is

Answer 197

the child’s mother.

Question 198

Seven-year-old Ellen displays precocious sexual knowledge and behavior. This could be an indication that Ellen

Answer 198

has been sexually abused.

Question 199

Of the following, which is most likely to lead to accurate reporting by a child witness in a court case?

Answer 199

“Tell me what happened.”

Question 200

Michael has a sociable temperament and a warm relationship with his mother. These attributes are likely to foster

Answer 200

resilience to life’s challenges.