Early Childhood Study Questions Flashcards
Of the following, which statement is true regarding body growth during early childhood?
A. Girls are three times as likely as boys to become obese.
B. The rate of growth increases steadily until the onset of puberty.
C. On average, children add 2 to 3 inches in height and about 5 pounds in weight each year.
D. Boys grow at least twice as fast as girls.
C. On average, children add 2 to 3 inches in height and about 5 pounds in weight each year.
Young children in homes with regular smokers are three times more likely than their agemates to A. do poorly in school. B. have high thyroxine levels. C. have decayed teeth. D. smoke during adolescence.
C. have decayed teeth.
Between ages 2 and 6, the brain increases from \_\_\_\_\_ percent of its adult weight to \_\_\_\_\_ percent. A. 70; 90 B. 50; 100 C. 75; 100 D. 50; 70
Between ages 2 and 6, the brain increases from _____ percent of its adult weight to _____ percent.
A. 70; 90
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ skills increase at an astonishing pace in early childhood, and they support children's increasing control over behavior. A. Fine-motor B. Language C. Spatial D. Gross-motor
__________ skills increase at an astonishing pace in early childhood, and they support children’s increasing control over behavior.
B. Language
Of the following, which statement is true regarding handedness?
A. The majority of right-handed individuals are actually ambidextrous.
B. Practice using the left or right hand has little effect on young children’s hand preference.
C. Left-handers are more likely than right-handers to develop outstanding verbal and mathematical talents.
D. Most preschoolers favor their left hand for drawing and their right hand for eating.
Of the following, which statement is true regarding handedness?
C. Left-handers are more likely than right-handers to develop outstanding verbal and mathematical talents.
Research on brain development shows that by age 8 to 10,
A. rates of synaptic pruning increase dramatically.
B. the left and right hemispheres begin to lateralize.
C. brain plasticity reaches its highest level.
D. energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to near-adult levels.
Research on brain development shows that by age 8 to 10,
D. energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes to near-adult levels.
Children exposed to lead absorb less of it when their diets contain enough A. chromium. B. zinc. C. salt. D. magnesium.
Children exposed to lead absorb less of it when their diets contain enough
B. zinc.
Of the following, which is responsible for development of all body tissues except the central nervous system and the genitals? A. neurotransmitters B. testosterone C. growth hormone D. thyroid-stimulating hormone
Of the following, which is responsible for development of all body tissues except the central nervous system and the genitals?
C. growth hormone
On average, the total amount of sleep \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in early childhood. A. increases gradually B. declines C. increases sharply D. remains about the same
On average, the total amount of sleep __________ in early childhood.
B. declines
What is the most common sleep problem among 3- to 6-year-olds? A. sleepwalking B. insomnia C. sleep terrors D. nightmares
What is the most common sleep problem among 3- to 6-year-olds?
D. nightmares
Of the following, which technique helps encourage good nutrition in early childhood?
A. banning sweets from the child’s diet
B. avoiding using food as a reward
C. providing a limited, familiar diet
D. allowing the child to eat as much as he or she wants
Of the following, which technique helps encourage good nutrition in early childhood?
B. avoiding using food as a reward
Of the 10 million deaths worldwide of children under age 5, 70 percent are due to
A. accidents.
B. infectious diseases.
C. accidents.
D. child abuse.
Of the 10 million deaths worldwide of children under age 5, 70 percent are due to
B. infectious diseases.
In _____________, ordinary childhood illnesses have no effect on physical growth.
A. well-nourished children
B. the preschool years
C. industrialized nations
D. rural communities
In _____________, ordinary childhood illnesses have no effect on physical growth.
A. well-nourished children
In most industrialized nations, health care services are provided at low cost to all citizens because
A. insurance companies cover the majority of medical expenses.
B. health insurance is considered a fundamental human right.
C. the supply of doctors and nurses exceeds the demand.
D. the rate of infectious disease is relatively low.
In most industrialized nations, health care services are provided at low cost to all citizens because
B. health insurance is considered a fundamental human right.
Research on immunization indicates that
A. immunizations are unnecessary for healthy, well-nourished children.
B. about 20 percent of U.S. infants and toddlers are not fully immunized.
C. the United States has one of the highest child immunization rates in the world.
D. mercury-based preservatives used in vaccines may cause autism.
Research on immunization indicates that
B. about 20 percent of U.S. infants and toddlers are not fully immunized.
By age 3, \_\_\_ percent of U.S. children have had respiratory illnesses that resulted in at least one bout of otitis media. A. 15 B. 35 C. 55 D. 75
By age 3, ___ percent of U.S. children have had respiratory illnesses that resulted in at least one bout of otitis media.
D. 75
Childhood injuries commonly viewed as “accidental” actually occur
A. as a result of parent neglect.
B. within a complex ecological system.
C. in child-care or preschool settings.
D. in rural areas with limited access to medical care.
Childhood injuries commonly viewed as “accidental” actually occur
B. within a complex ecological system.
An infant or toddler in ______ becomes sick 9 to 10 times a year, mainly from diarrhea and respiratory infections.
A. developing nations
B. foster care
C. the U.S.
D. child care
An infant or toddler in ______ becomes sick 9 to 10 times a year, mainly from diarrhea and respiratory infections.
D. child care
Substantially reducing injury rates, especially in overactive and temperamentally difficult children, can be achieved by
A. teaching safety standards in a lecture format.
B. enforcing strict consequences for misbehavior.
C. positive parenting and an affectionate, supportive relationship with the child.
D. restricting children’s access to outdoor play until they demonstrate adequate safety knowledge.
Substantially reducing injury rates, especially in overactive and temperamentally difficult children, can be achieved by
C. positive parenting and an affectionate, supportive relationship with the child.
Of the following, which statement is true regarding gross-motor development in childhood?
A. By age 2, preschoolers’ gaits become smooth and rhythmic.
B. By age 3, most children can catch a ball easily with their hands.
C. By age 4, most children can ride a bicycle with training wheels.
D. As children grow older, their bodies become more top-heavy.
Of the following, which statement is true regarding gross-motor development in childhood?
A. By age 2, preschoolers’ gaits become smooth and rhythmic.
Fine-motor progress in young children becomes most apparent to parents in two areas:
A. improved athletic skills and balance.
B. riding a bicycle with training wheels and catching balls.
C. children’s care of their own bodies and detailed drawings and paintings.
D. increased running speed and true skipping.
Fine-motor progress in young Fine-motor progress in young children becomes most apparent to parents in two areas:
C. children’s care of their own bodies and detailed drawings and paintings.
.
Around age \_\_\_\_\_, Mikail should be able to tie his own shoes. A. 3 to 4 B. 2 to 3 C. 4 to 5 D. 5 to 6
Around age _____, Mikail should be able to tie his own shoes.
D. 5 to 6
Of the following, which appears to be a universal beginning in drawing human figures? A. stick or contour figures B. geometric shapes C. three-dimensional forms D. straight lines only
Of the following, which appears to be a universal beginning in drawing human figures?
A. stick or contour figures
As children grow older, differences in motor skills between boys and girls become larger, while differences in physical capacity
A. become less dependent on practice.
B. are nonexistent until adolescence.
C. remain small throughout childhood.
D. decrease gradually through middle childhood.
As children grow older, differences in motor skills between boys and girls become larger, while differences in physical capacity
C. remain small throughout childhood.
Research shows that children master the motor skills of early childhood
A. through formal lessons.
B. by observing adults engaged in physical activity.
C. in stages, much like cognitive development.
D. naturally, as part of their everyday play.
Research shows that children master the motor skills of early childhood
D. naturally, as part of their everyday play.
Between ages 2 and 6, approximately 45 new __________ emerge in various parts of the skeleton.
A. lymph nodes
B. calcium deposits
C. synapses
D. epiphyses
Between ages 2 and 6, approximately 45 new __________ emerge in various parts of the skeleton.
D. epiphyses
How does exposure to tobacco smoke contribute to tooth decay?
A. It causes a craving for sugary foods, which, in turn, causes tooth decay.
B. It introduces bacteria into the tissues of the nose and mouth.
C. It suppresses children’s immune system, including the ability to fight bacteria responsible for tooth decay.
D. It counteracts the effects of fluoride treatments.
How does exposure to tobacco smoke contribute to tooth decay?
C. It suppresses children’s immune system, including the ability to fight bacteria responsible for tooth decay.
Brain-imaging studies reveal that __________ in the cerebral cortex reaches a peak around age 4.
A. hormone production
B. lateralization
C. synaptic pruning
D. energy metabolism
Brain-imaging studies reveal that __________ in the cerebral cortex reaches a peak around age 4.
D. energy metabolism
EEG and fMRI measures of neural activity in the brain’s various cortical regions reveal especially rapid growth from 3 to 6 years in frontal-lobe areas devoted to
A. spatial skills.
B. short- and long-term memory.
C. motor skills.
D. attention and planning and organizing behavior.
EEG and fMRI measures of neural activity in the brain’s various cortical regions reveal especially rapid growth from 3 to 6 years in frontal-lobe areas devoted to
D. attention and planning and organizing behavior.
For the 10 percent of left-handers in Western nations, language is occasionally located in the
A. inner hippocampus.
B. left hemisphere of the corpus callosum.
C. base of the cerebellum.
D. right hemisphere, or shared between hemispheres of the brain.
For the 10 percent of left-handers in Western nations, language is occasionally located in the
D. right hemisphere, or shared between hemispheres of the brain.
The reticular formation, a structure in the brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness,
A. generates synapses and myelinates throughout early childhood and into adolescence.
B. undergoes rapid formation of synapses and myelination in the second half of the first year.
C. helps with memory recall and independent movement.
D. aids in balance and control of body movement.
The reticular formation, a structure in the brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness,
A. generates synapses and myelinates throughout early childhood and into adolescence.
Two hormones that play a critical role in inducing growth are released by the A. dominant cerebral hemisphere. B. thyroid gland. C. corpus callosum. D. pituitary gland.
Two hormones that play a critical role in inducing growth are released by the
D. pituitary gland.
A deficiency in \_\_\_\_\_\_ increases the concentration of lead in the blood. A. potassium B. sodium C. iron D. calcium
A deficiency in ______ increases the concentration of lead in the blood.
C. iron
What is a typical characteristic of psychosocial dwarfism? A. aggressive behavior B. poor short-term memory C. immature skeletal age D. frequent intestinal illnesses
What is a typical characteristic of psychosocial dwarfism?
C. immature skeletal age
Alex sometimes wakes from a deep sleep in a state of panic and does not respond to his parents’ attempts to comfort him. Alex is suffering from
A. nervous insomnia.
B. sleepwalking.
C. sleep terrors.
D. nightmares.
Alex sometimes wakes from a deep sleep in a state of panic and does not respond to his parents’ attempts to comfort him. Alex is suffering from
C. sleep terrors.
Of the following, which statement is true regarding good nutrition in early childhood?
A. A pleasant, relaxed eating environment helps children develop positive attitudes about food.
B. Due to rapid physical development, preschoolers require more dietary fat than adults.
C. Parents should be concerned if young children eat very little at, or skip, some meals.
D. Preschoolers require the same foods that make up a healthy adult diet, but in larger amounts.
Of the following, which statement is true regarding good nutrition in early childhood?
A. A pleasant, relaxed eating environment helps children develop positive attitudes about food.
Most deaths of children under age 5 worldwide are caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ diseases. A. infectious B. autoimmune C. glandular D. hereditary
Most deaths of children under age 5 worldwide are caused by _______ diseases.
A. infectious
Overall, _____ percent of American preschoolers lack essential immunizations, a rate that rises to _____ percent for poverty-stricken children.
A. 27; 33
B. 10; 20
C. 35; 45
D. 24; 28
Overall, _____ percent of American preschoolers lack essential immunizations, a rate that rises to _____ percent for poverty-stricken children.
D. 24; 28
Under the Children’s Health Insurance Program,
A. all low-income children will be eligible for free health care by 2012.
B. states receive federal matching funds for upgrading children’s health insurance.
C. all communities must establish child health care clinics.
D. all parents will be required to immunize their children.
Under the Children’s Health Insurance Program,
B. states receive federal matching funds for upgrading children’s health insurance.
Which of the following factors is associated with otitis media?
A. a loud environment
B. prenatal damage to the ear drum
C. exposure to cigarette smoke
D. malnutrition
Which of the following factors is associated with otitis media?
C. exposure to cigarette smoke
Unintentional childhood injuries-auto collisions, pedestrian accidents, drownings, burns -are
A. at their lowest level during the preschool years.
B. lower in the U.S. than in other industrialized nations.
C. the leading causes of childhood mortality in industrialized nations.
D. highest among rural preschoolers.
Unintentional childhood injuries-auto collisions, pedestrian accidents, drownings, burns -are
C. the leading causes of childhood mortality in industrialized nations.
During the past three decades,
A. rates of unintentional injuries in the U.S. have decreased by 50 percent.
B. rates of unintentional injuries in the U.S. have increased by 20 percent.
C. American parents have changed very little in the amount they do to protect their children from injury.
D. American parents have made great strides to protect their preschoolers from injury.
During the past three decades,
C. American parents have changed very little in the amount they do to protect their children from injury.
Which gross-motor skill typically develops last?
A. skipping with one foot
B. walking up stairs, alternating feet
C. jumping and hopping
D. riding a bicycle with training wheels
Which gross-motor skill typically develops last?
D. riding a bicycle with training wheels
Which fine-motor skill usually develops last?
A. uses knife to cut soft food
B. dresses without supervision
C. uses a fork effectively
D. grips a pencil
Which fine-motor skill usually develops last?
A. uses knife to cut soft food
When attempting to draw a geometric object, 3- to 7-year-olds are likely to draw
A. object parts.
B. three-dimensional forms.
C. a single unit.
D. a tadpole-like shape.
When attempting to draw a geometric object, 3- to 7-year-olds are likely to draw
C. a single unit.
In cultures with little interest in art, older children and adolescents produce
A. simple forms.
B. realistic images.
C. dot paintings.
D. line drawings.
In cultures with little interest in art, older children and adolescents produce
A. simple forms.
David is in the second grade. What error is he likely to make when attempting to write?
A. reversing letters
B. failing to identify individual letters
C. using his nondominant hand
D. using an awkward pencil grip
David is in the second grade. What error is he likely to make when attempting to write?
A. reversing letters
From an early age, boys and girls are usually encouraged to
A. participate in safety training programs.
B. engage in similar physical activities.
C. engage in different physical activities.
D. be competitive and assertive.
From an early age, boys and girls are usually encouraged to
C. engage in different physical activities.
Awareness of artistic creative possibilities can be enhanced by
A. exposing children to artwork of their own and other cultures.
B. teaching children to read at an early age.
C. encouraging children to color within the boundaries of objects.
D. encouraging children to solve puzzles.
Awareness of artistic creative possibilities can be enhanced by
A. exposing children to artwork of their own and other cultures.
Cultural variations in body size remind us that
A. body growth during early childhood progresses at a relatively fixed rate among all cultures.
B. shorter children will eventually catch up in stature by adolescence.
C. girls and boys are usually similar in size until adolescence .
D. growth norms for one population are not good standards for children elsewhere in the world.
Cultural variations in body size remind us that
D. growth norms for one population are not good standards for children elsewhere in the world.
X-rays of the epiphyses enable doctors to estimate children’s __________, which is helpful information in diagnosing growth disorders.
A. skeletal age
B. chronological age
C. height and weight
D. bone density
X-rays of the epiphyses enable doctors to estimate children’s __________, which is helpful information in diagnosing growth disorders.
A. skeletal age
Prolonged malnutrition
A. delays the development of epiphyses.
B. accelerates the development of epiphyses.
C. accelerates the appearance of permanent teeth.
D. delays the appearance of permanent teeth.
Prolonged malnutrition
C. accelerates the appearance of permanent teeth.
An overabundance of synaptic connections supports plasticity of the young brain, helping to ensure that the child will
A. acquire certain abilities even if some areas are damaged.
B. conserve energy until the cortical regions are mature.
C. maintain a normal growth curve despite poor nutrition.
D. experience rapid brain lateralization in middle childhood.
An overabundance of synaptic connections supports plasticity of the young brain, helping to ensure that the child will
A. acquire certain abilities even if some areas are damaged.
Among left-handed people, language is typically housed in
A. both hemispheres.
B. the frontal lobes.
C. the right hemisphere.
D. the left hemisphere.
Among left-handed people, language is typically housed in
A. both hemispheres.
Which part of the brain maintains alertness and consciousness?
A. amygdala
B. hippocampus
C. reticular formation
D. corpus callosum
Which part of the brain maintains alertness and consciousness?
C. reticular formation
The corpus callosum supports the integration of
A. perception, attention, memory, language, and problem solving.
B. spatial capacity, logic, and reasoning.
C. motor coordination and physical balance.
D. a healthy sleep-wake cycle.
The corpus callosum supports the integration of
A. perception, attention, memory, language, and problem solving.
Before 1980, children were widely exposed to lead contained in
A. plastic.
B. paint.
C. batteries.
D. pencils
Before 1980, children were widely exposed to lead contained in
B. paint.
Mr. and Mrs. Banning have just learned that their newborn son has a thyroxine deficiency. Unless he receives thyroxine at once, their son will
A. be mentally retarded.
B. grow too rapidly and have weak bones.
C. fail to grow taller than 4 feet 4 inches.
D. likely die within the first year.
Mr. and Mrs. Banning have just learned that their newborn son has a thyroxine deficiency. Unless he receives thyroxine at once, their son will
A. be mentally retarded.
Harper has a GH-deficiency, and Harvey has psychosocial dwarfism. Of the following, which characteristic differentiates Harvey’s condition from Harper’s?
A. immature skeletal age
B. very short stature
C. decreased GH secretion
D. serious adjustment problems
Harper has a GH-deficiency, and Harvey has psychosocial dwarfism. Of the following, which characteristic differentiates Harvey’s condition from Harper’s?
D. serious adjustment problems
Three-year-old Inho gets 9 hours of sleep per night. His mother thinks that this is enough, since he also gets a 2-hour nap at preschool. Inho’s mother
A. is wrong. At age 3, Inho needs 12 to 13 hours of sleep per day.
B. should not worry about the amount of sleep he gets unless he becomes irritable or withdrawn.
C. is right. At age 3, Inho needs 11 to 12 hours of sleep per day.
D. is letting him sleep too long. At age 3, Inho needs only 10 hours of sleep per day.
Three-year-old Inho gets 9 hours of sleep per night. His mother thinks that this is enough, since he also gets a 2-hour nap at preschool. Inho’s mother
C. is right. At age 3, Inho needs 11 to 12 hours of sleep per day.
Children tend to the food choices and eating practices of
A. their classmates.
B. both adults and peers.
C. older siblings.
D. television characters.
Children tend to the food choices and eating practices of
B. both adults and peers.
Throughout childhood and adolescence, a nutritionally deficient diet is often associated with
A. psychosocial dwarfism.
B. lactose intolerance.
C. hyperactivity and aggression.
D. sluggish energy levels.
Throughout childhood and adolescence, a nutritionally deficient diet is often associated with
C. hyperactivity and aggression.
In developing countries, widespread diarrhea, resulting from unsafe water and contaminated foods, leads to
A. a high rate of abdominal cancers.
B. an intolerance for dairy products.
C. GH and thyroxine deficiencies.
D. several million childhood deaths each year.
In developing countries, widespread diarrhea, resulting from unsafe water and contaminated foods, leads to
D. several million childhood deaths each year.
Overall, ____ percent of U.S. preschoolers lack essential immunizations.
A. 37
B. 14
C. 7
D. 24
Overall, ____ percent of U.S. preschoolers lack essential immunizations.
A. 37
Under the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, many parents who work part-time will
A. have access to high-quality, affordable insurance.
B. continue to face challenges in obtaining affordable insurance.
C. have access to the same health care benefits as parents who work full-time.
D. be exempt from paying costly insurance premiums.
Under the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, many parents who work part-time will
B. continue to face challenges in obtaining affordable insurance.
Three-year-old Suri has experienced several bouts of otitis media. Suri is
A. probably living in a rural environment.
B. likely to build up a resistance to oral antibiotics.
C. at-risk for delayed language progress.
D. too young to experience long-term hearing damage.
Three-year-old Suri has experienced several bouts of otitis media. Suri is
C. at-risk for delayed language progress.
The leading cause of death among children more than 1 year of age is
A. motor vehicle collisions.
B. infectious diseases.
C. drowning.
D. choking.
The leading cause of death among children more than 1 year of age is
A. motor vehicle collisions.
In developing countries, the rate of death from injury before age 15 is __________ than in developed nations.
A. three times lower
B. five times higher
C. twelve times lower
D. ten times higher
In developing countries, the rate of death from injury before age 15 is __________ than in developed nations.
B. five times higher
What gross-motor skills does a 3-year-old use to catch a ball?
A. shifts weight forward with outstretched arms
B. moves forward, backward, or sideways to catch with hands and fingers
C. traps the ball in rigid arms and hands
D. traps the ball with flexed elbows against the chest
What gross-motor skills does a 3-year-old use to catch a ball?
C. traps the ball in rigid arms and hands
Six-year-old Kimia wants to draw a family picture. What will the family members probably look like?
A. They will have names written underneath each person.
B. They will be tadpole images.
C. They will be simple scribbles and lines.
D. They will each have six parts.
Six-year-old Kimia wants to draw a family picture. What will the family members probably look like?
D. They will each have six parts.
Four-year-old Penny is learning to write letters. Which letter pairs will Penny likely have trouble discriminating between?
A. A and a
B. l and t
C. E and P
D. b and d
Four-year-old Penny is learning to write letters. Which letter pairs will Penny likely have trouble discriminating between?
D. b and d
Which child is likely to acquire running and jumping skills earlier, in addition to being able to run faster and jump farther than the others?
A. a tall, muscular girl
B. a short, stocky boy
C. a short, stocky girl
D. a tall, muscular boy
Which child is likely to acquire running and jumping skills earlier, in addition to being able to run faster and jump farther than the others?
D. a tall, muscular boy
Which physical activity is the only one for which formal instruction during the preschool years will likely lead to better coordination?
A. running
B. gymnastics
C. tumbling
D. throwing
Which physical activity is the only one for which formal instruction during the preschool years will likely lead to better coordination?
D. throwing
Mr. Navarro, a preschool teacher, wants to improve the fine-motor skills of his students. Which activities should he encourage?
A. Create mixed-sex groups so that girls can model fine-motor skills for boys.
B. Provide direct instruction on skills like drawing shapes and writing letters.
C. Practice daily routines, such as pouring juice, dressing, and playing with puzzles.
D. Teach skills in a competitive social climate, rewarding those students who excel.
Mr. Navarro, a preschool teacher, wants to improve the fine-motor skills of his students. Which activities should he encourage?
C. Practice daily routines, such as pouring juice, dressing, and playing with puzzles.
Piaget believed that
A. language is the primary ingredient in young children’s cognitive development.
B. sensorimotor activity leads to internal images of experience, which children then label with words.
C. children are born with a language acquisition device that facilitates rapid learning.
D. social interaction with skilled partners is necessary for optimal cognitive development.
Piaget believed that
B. sensorimotor activity leads to internal images of experience, which children then label with words.
.
Preschoolers who spend more time in sociodramatic play
A. are seen as more socially competent by their teachers than children who spend less time in make-believe play.
B. are less interested in academic learning than peers who engage in limited make-believe play.
C. are more self-centered than children who spend less time in make-believe play.
D. usually prefer to play alone than with adults or peers.
Preschoolers who spend more time in sociodramatic play
A. are seen as more socially competent by their teachers than children who spend less time in make-believe play.
Of the following, which is an example of animistic thinking?
A. Karen says that there are more Dalmatians in the world than dogs.
B. Susie says that there is more liquid in a tall, thin glass than in a short, wide glass.
C. Jason says that the leaves fell off the trees because the trees felt too warm.
D. Andy says that he can talk to animals.
Of the following, which is an example of animistic thinking?
C. Jason says that the leaves fell off the trees because the trees felt too warm.
Follow-up research on preoperational thought demonstrates that by age 4, most children
A. mentally organize objects into subclasses.
B. show clear awareness of others’ vantage points.
C. believe that magic can alter their everyday experiences.
D. can simultaneously handle three or more tasks.
Follow-up research on preoperational thought demonstrates that by age 4, most children
B. show clear awareness of others’ vantage points.
Picture-book reading is an especially effective strategy for teaching children about
A. categories.
B. conservation problems.
C. fantastic ideas like the Tooth Fairy.
D. reversibility.
Picture-book reading is an especially effective strategy for teaching children about
A. categories.
Parents and teachers can learn a lot about a child’s factual and conceptual knowledge from
A. how well children imitate adults.
B. the games children play.
C. the questions children ask.
D. children’s nonverbal behavior.
Parents and teachers can learn a lot about a child’s factual and conceptual knowledge from
C. the questions children ask.
Of the following, which educational principle was derived from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
A. emphasis on early intervention programs for low-SES children
B. interest in how children measure up to normative standards
C. emphasis on scaffolding children’s learning
D. acceptance of individual differences
Of the following, which educational principle was derived from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
D. acceptance of individual differences
Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity
A. show better task performance than their less talkative agemates.
B. take more time to complete the task than their less talkative agemates.
C. are likely to give up unless an adult intervenes and provides explicit instructions.
D. have difficulty focusing their attention on a single task.
Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity
A. show better task performance than their less talkative agemates.
Which of the following illustrates an early capacity for intersubjectivity?
A. understanding of false-belief
B. ability to solve conservation problems
C. a well-developed autobiographical memory
D. parent-infant mutual gaze
Which of the following illustrates an early capacity for intersubjectivity?
D. parent-infant mutual gaze
Vygotsky saw make-believe play as a way for children to
A. make friends and build social skills.
B. practice and strengthen newly acquired representational schemes.
C. relieve stress and regulate emotions.
D. learn to follow internal ideas and social rules rather than immediate impulses.
Vygotsky saw make-believe play as a way for children to
D. learn to follow internal ideas and social rules rather than immediate impulses.
In village and tribal cultures, children receive very little
A. adult supervision.
B. religious instruction.
C. formal education.
D. emotional support from adults.
In village and tribal cultures, children receive very little
C. formal education.
Five-year-old Liz accesses her __________ of last year’s beach trip to predict what will occur during this summer’s beach trip.
A. episodic memory
B. cognitive scheme
C. short-term memory
D. script
Five-year-old Liz accesses her __________ of last year’s beach trip to predict what will occur during this summer’s beach trip.
D. script
In Tools of the Mind, a preschool curriculum inspired by Vygotsky’s theory, ________________ is woven into virtually all classroom activities.
A. scaffolding of attention skills
B. direct literacy instruction
C. conflict resolution
D. an emphasis on moral reasoning
In Tools of the Mind, a preschool curriculum inspired by Vygotsky’s theory, ________________ is woven into virtually all classroom activities.
A. scaffolding of attention skills
Which of the following cultural tools supports young children’s planning skills?
A. conversations with imaginary companions
B. recipes for cooking
C. singing hymns
D. solitary play
Which of the following cultural tools supports young children’s planning skills?
B. recipes for cooking
From age _____ on, children realize that both beliefs and desires determine behavior.
A. 5
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
From age _____ on, children realize that both beliefs and desires determine behavior.
C. 4
