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world history and geography 1 hn > middle ages test > Flashcards

middle ages test Flashcards

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1
Q

Simony

A

the practice of bishops selling positions in the church

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2
Q

Gothic

A

new architectural style - tell spires, pointed arches

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3
Q

Urban II

A

Catholic Pope who called for holy war against Muslims

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4
Q

Crusade

A

Christian holy war to recapture Jerusalem

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5
Q

Saladin

A

famous Muslim leader who fought Crusaders (beat them and Richard the Lionheart)

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6
Q

Richard the Lionhearted

A

Christian Crusader who fought Saladin

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7
Q

Reconquista

A

Spanish effort to drive Muslims out of Spain

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8
Q

Inquisition

A

Church court used to suppress heresy/heretics (ppl whose beliefs differed from the Catholic Church)

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9
Q

Friars

A

New religious order that traveled - Dominicans and Franciscans

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10
Q

What are the main 3 effects of the Crusades?

A

1) Increased trade between Europe and SW Asia
2) Power of church and feudal system weakened, monarchical power increased
3) Bitterness among Christians, Muslims, and Jews

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11
Q

What were the 4 main changes in medieval society?

A

Growth of food supply, growth of guilds, commercial revolution, revival of learning

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12
Q

What was the three-field system?

A

method of planting 2/3rds of land to increase production)

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13
Q

What was horsepower then?

A

Using horses instead of oxen increased speed

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14
Q

What were merchant and craft guilds?

A

organizations of individuals in the same business/occupation working to improve conditions

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15
Q

What was the commercial revolution?

A

Dramatic expansion of trade and business during the late middle ages

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16
Q

What was happening in medieval towns and cities?

A

Communities had increasing populations leading to unsanitary conditions

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17
Q

How was education being revived?

A

vernacular, universities, Thomas Aquinas, scholastic, scholasticism (ppl finding the meaning of life and why ppl believe and seek religion)

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18
Q

What were some nations developing in Europe?

A

England and France

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19
Q

King John

A

English king, forced to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter) guaranteeing rights

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20
Q

William the Conqueror

A

Norman who invaded and conquered the Anglo-Saxons in England, became king

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21
Q

Henry II

A

English king, used juries and common law

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22
Q

Parliament

A

English legislative group called together by Edward I)

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23
Q

Philip II

A

Seized Normandy and other French lands from King John

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24
Q

Hugh Capet

A

First of the Capetian Dynasty who took over from Carolingians

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25
Q

Philip IV

A

Created France’s first Parliament called Estates-General

26
Q

What was the Great Schism?

A

Split of the Roman Catholic Church during which rival Popes in Avignon and Rome claimed authority to lead church members

27
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Englishman who challenged Church, agreed Bible and Jesus were most important

28
Q

Jan Hus

A

Bohemian who challenged Church and taught Bible most important; executed

29
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

Disease that spread across Asia and Europe in mid-14th century, killing millions

30
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

Over 100 years of war between England and France

31
Q

Joan of Arc

A

Teenage French peasant girl called by God to drive the English out of France

32
Q

What is a manor?

A

a self-sufficient farm owned by a lord, protected by knights and worked by serfs

33
Q

Who and how was the Kingdom of the Franks created?

A

A Germanic tribe converted to Christianity and built the kingdom

34
Q

Who was Charles Martel

A

a frank who halted the muslim’s invasion of Europe at the battle of tours

35
Q

who was Charlemagne?

A

greatest leader of the Franks, tried to restore the former glory of Rome and was named holy Roman emperor by the pope

36
Q

what happened after Charlemagne died?

A

his empire broke up and Europe suffered raids by viking raiders from Scandinavia, Muslim invasions, and Magyars (hungary) attacks from the east

37
Q

What was a tithe?

A

A church tax paid by serfs and amounted to 1/10 of their income

38
Q

What did the kings do that reduced the amount of power nobles held?

A

They gave more power to representative bodies such as England’s Parliament and France’s Estates-General

39
Q

What did the Magna Carta do?

A

English document guaranteeing British citizens certain rights such as a jury trial

40
Q

What happened in the Hundred years of war?

A

England and France fought over British territory in France, France won

41
Q

Which crusade did the Christians defeat the Muslims and took over Spain

A

The Reconquista

42
Q

Why did the Christian Church lose respect?

A

Abuses like the pope interfering with politics and selling church positions (simony)

43
Q

Who were burghers?

A

Town-dwellers, example of the emerging middle class

44
Q

What does secular mean?

A

Worldly rather than religious (during the late middle ages education became more secular)

45
Q

Feudalism

A

political and social order that developed during the Middle Ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service (became complicated with vassals under vassals under other vassals)

46
Q

Vassal

A

under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity - to become a vassal, a man performed an act of respect to his lord

47
Q

Carolingian world declining →

A

more powerful lords and vassals increased

48
Q

When did great lords and ordinary knights came to form a common group within the aristocracy

A

early - mid middle ages

49
Q

Chivalry

A

an idea of civilized behavior
Knights were expected to treat captives as honored guests (not putting them in a dungeon)
Knights were expected to treat aristocratic women with tenderness and respect

50
Q

Feudal contract

A

under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

51
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A

famous lady of the castle

52
Q

Carruca

A

a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare

53
Q

King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I

A

Began the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Muslims and Jews

54
Q

What two countries were the most effected by the black plague?

A

France and Italy lost over 50% of their populations

55
Q

Which groups settled in England?

A

Saxons and Angles

56
Q

Italy and Rome were settled by___

A

Vandals and Visigoths

57
Q

Who settled in Gaul?

A

Franks and Saxons

58
Q

What is Gaul today known as?

A

France

59
Q
A
60
Q
A

world history and geography 1 hn (10 decks)

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