indus river valley Flashcards
where were the earliest human civilizations all developed in?
river valleys
what were the earliest civilizations protected by?
natural barriers
what did many of the first civilizations have in common?
theocracy and pictograms
mesopotamian king-priests made sacrifices on stepped temples called ____.
ziggurats
some of these cultures also worshipped many deities and gods, believing in ___.
polytheism
although isolated, ancient civilizations did trade. one example of trade is pots inscribed with _____, sumerian pictograms found in harappa on the indus river valley
cuneiform
this is an example of ________ _________, the spread of goods or ideas between societies.
cultural diffusion
we know abt these cultures from their written records, like the ______________, an egyptian holy book, and _____, the oldest written story from Sumer.
1) book of the dead
2) gilgamesh
we know a great deal from the work of ________, scientists who study the human past.
archaeologists
civilization
organized government and society w/ specific traits
irrigation
watering of land
cuneiform
means wedge shaped: sumerian writing
ziggurat
mesopotamian structure used for worship, dedicated to patron god of the city
hammurabi
had the first laws written down
bronze
mix of tin and copper
polytheism
belief in many gods
sumer
formed the first civilization in mesopotamia
fertile crescent
mesopotamia
code of hammurabi
first written laws
theocracy
religious leader is political leader
city-state
a city and surrounding farmland that is an independent government
artisans
skilled workers who make their product by hands
mesopotamia
the land between two rivers
scribes
people who write down information in ancient times
sargon
created the worlds first empire
empire
brings together more than one group of ppl under one ruler
bronze age
the time that bronze was the most used metal
hieroglyphics
egyptian writing
pharaoh
name for the ruler of egypt
hyksos
invaded egypt and took over the country using chariots
ramses II
egyptian ruler who was the greatest builder in egypt
hatshepsut
female pharaoh
pictogram
writing that uses pictures not letters
subcontinent
india for example. part of a continent that is separated by geographic features like mountains
shang china
first chinese dynasty. on the yellow river
indus valley
current day pakistan
dynasty
rulers who come from the same family
ancestor worship
belief that your ancestors helped to shape your life
caste system
way that indian society was organized
monsoons
seasonal winds that blow across india
mandate of heaven
the gods gave the right to the rulers to rule and showed their feelings toward the ruler through acts of nature
harappan civilization
lived in the indus river valley
oracle bones
way the ancient chinese spoke to their gods to help make important decisions
dynastic cycle
the process by which the chinese believe new dynasties came to power
aryans
group that moved into india and brought the cast system
vedas
religious books of the aryans
hindu kush
mountains to the west of the indus river valley
khyber pass
mountain path through the hindu kush mountains
