Middle Ages Flashcards
What period is referred to as the ‘Dark Ages’?
A period after the fall of the Roman Empire characterized by a lack of knowledge and destruction of trade, education, and urban life
This term reflects the decline in cultural and scientific advancement during this time.
What does the term ‘medieval’ mean?
It is derived from the Latin terms medium (middle) and aevum (age) to describe the Middle Ages
This term encapsulates the historical period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance.
Who was Clovis?
The first Germanic ruler to accept and convert to Catholicism
Clovis was a king of the Franks and played a pivotal role in the spread of Christianity in Western Europe.
What was the role of the mayor of the palace?
To manage the kingdom’s affairs as political power shifted from the Frankish kings due to in-fighting
This position became increasingly important as kings lost control over their territories.
What was the significance of the Battle of Tours?
It ensured the end of the Muslim expansion into Europe and preserved Christianity in the region
Charles Martel’s victory at this battle in 732 AD was critical for the Christian kingdoms.
Who was Pepin the Short?
The son of Charles Martel who became king and was anointed by the pope
His anointment symbolized the alliance between the Frankish monarchy and the Catholic Church.
What were the territories included in Charlemagne’s empire?
France, Germany, northern Spain, and most of Italy
Charlemagne’s reign marked a significant expansion of the Frankish Empire.
What was Charlemagne’s contribution to education?
He established schools throughout the empire based on the Bible and Latin writings
This effort helped preserve classical learning during the Middle Ages.
What is the role of counts in Charlemagne’s administration?
Local officials responsible for solving problems, protecting the weak, stopping feuds, and raising an army
Counts were essential for maintaining order and governance in the vast Frankish Empire.
What was the Treaty of Verdun?
The agreement that divided Charlemagne’s empire among his grandsons
This division led to the formation of modern European states.
What is feudalism?
A decentralized form of government based on mutual protection between monarchs and nobles
This system emphasized land ownership and military service.
What are fiefs?
Estates granted to nobles in exchange for military protection
Fiefs were the basis of land distribution in the feudal system.
Who were serfs?
Peasants tied to the land who could not be sold
Serfs were not slaves but had limited rights and obligations to their lords.
What was the code of chivalry?
A code of conduct governing knights, emphasizing bravery, fairness, and respect for women
Chivalry became the basis for good manners and ethical behavior in Western society.
What was manorialism?
An economic system centered around the lord’s estate and the labor of peasants
This system provided the foundation for the economy during the Middle Ages.
