mid term exam - comm Flashcards
ch. 1-10
The central focus during public speaking should be the
audience
When you focus on your audience, your speech becomes __________, so that the speaker and audience influence each other.
transactional
The fact that people from China have a different public speaking style than people from the U.S. is due to _______.
cultural differences
The key focus of the content of a speech is known as the _____.
speech topic
Which question should you ask yourself when selecting and narrowing your topic?
What are my talents, interests, and experiences?
If a person gives an after-dinner speech with the goal of making the audience laugh, entertainment is the __________.
general purpose
What are the three types of general purposes for speeches?
to inform, to persuade, to entertain
If the general purpose of a speech is to __________, the speaker will teach, define, illustrate, clarify, or elaborate on a topic.
inform
A speech designed to __________ seeks to change or reinforce listeners’ attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior.
persuade
Comedic monologues have the primary general purpose of __________.
entertain
“At the end of my speech, the class will be able to identify three counseling facilities on campus and describe the best way to get help at each one.” This statement is an example of a _________.
specific purpose
The __________ is a one-sentence summary of the speech content.
central idea
How does the specific purpose statement differ from the central idea?
Your specific purpose indicates what you want your audience to do when you have finished your speech; your central idea identifies the essence of your message.
What term did the ancient Romans use to refer to the ability to develop or discover ideas that result in new insights or new approaches to old problems?
invention
To determine how to subdivide your central idea into key points, you should ask which question?
Does the central idea have logical divisions?
In general, how can you make your support material more interesting?
by choosing support material that appeals to your listeners’ senses
Kareem gathered facts, examples, definitions, and quotations for his speech. These are all types of __________.
supporting materials
To make a speech audience-centered, when gathering support material you should make sure that it is both interesting and __________.
relevant
Every well-prepared speech has three major divisions. What are these three divisions?
the introduction, the body, and the conclusion
One purpose of an introduction is to __________.
give your audience a reason to listen
Most public speaking teachers recommend that you prepare your speech introduction __________.
after you have carefully organized the body of your talk
After you have selected your topic and purpose and generated your main idea, what should you do next?
write the body of the speech
When developing an outline, indicate your major ideas by using __________.
roman numerals
When developing an outline, indicate your supporting points by using __________.
capital letters
When developing an outline, if you need to further subdivide your speech beyond the supporting points, use _____.
arabic numerals
If you use notes during your speech, they should be __________.
easy to read at a glance
In addition to developing a written outline to use as you speak, consider using __________ to add structure and clarity to your major ideas.
presentation aids
The best way to practice your speech is to rehearse it __________.
aloud, standing just as you will when you deliver it to your audience
If you don’t know what to do with your hands during a speech, what is suggested you do when rehearsing?
Keep them by your side.
What is included in the style of your speech?
the words you choose and how you use them
A speaker who gathers information about the listeners, analyzes this information, and adapts his or her speech to them is demonstrating the idea of a (n) __________ speaker.
audience-centered
To gather formal information about audience members’ attitudes, beliefs, and values, you can __________.
ask open-ended and closed-ended questions on a survey
You’re deciding on a speech topic but need some information from your audience. Rather than asking them to divulge their opinions out loud, you design a short questionnaire. The questionnaire asks whether a person agrees or disagrees with a series of statements regarding various topics. What form of survey are you using?
a formal audience analysis survey using closed-ended questions
When attempting to discover whether you and your audience members have similar cultural characteristics, are about the same age, and have relatively the same education level, you are primarily trying to establish __________.
common ground
A public speaker seeks to establish a(n) __________, or ongoing connection, with audience members by identifying common ground with them.
relationship
A good speaker should ethically use the information gathered in an audience analysis to adapt his or her message so that it will be better understood. According to your text, this process is called audience __________.
adaptation
Collecting information about an audience concerning their age range, gender, and ethnicity is part of __________ audience analysis.
demographic
The beliefs, values, and norms taught and learned within a particular group of people are known as their __________.
culture
The portion of a person’s background that relates to factors such as nationality or religious heritage is a social classification known as _____.
ethnicity
What is ethnocentrism?
the attitude that one’s own cultural approach is superior to those from other cultures
Audience members who place more importance on nonverbal than verbal messages are likely from __________ cultures; whereas those placing more emphasis on what was said than the nonverbal messages are likely from __________ cultures.
high-context; low-context
People from __________ cultures are more likely to perceive people in leadership roles, including speakers, as credible.
high-power
When you analyze an audience’s income, occupation, and education you are analyzing their __________.
socioeconomic status
Trying to determine what an audience believes or thinks about a speech topic is an aspect of __________ audience analysis.
psychological
A(n) __________ is an enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong.
value
If you think your spouse will make you breakfast in the morning as usual,
belief
As part of planning for her classroom speech on the Patriot Act, Brenda passed around a brief questionnaire asking whether her classmates were for or against the act, whether they thought parts or the entire act should change, etc. Was this a good idea, according to your text?
Yes; this form of psychological audience analysis is a good thing to do for any kind of audience.
As a requirement for his biology class, Jorge must attend a speech by a visiting scholar in biology. What kind of audience will Jorge be a part of at this event?
captive
When your audience is a(n) __________ one, your task is simply to hold and amplify their attention through the speech.
interested
Which action is least likely to make your audience view you as credible before you begin to discuss your topic?
Use a lot of presentation aids filled with statistics.
A situational audience analysis includes an examination of the __________.
time and place of your speech, the size of your audience, and the occasion
With respect to a situational audience analysis, as a general rule, the larger the audience, the more likely they are to __________.
expect a more formal speaking style
Savena needed room to move during her speech, but when she arrived to make her presentation, she learned that she would have to use a microphone affixed to a lectern. Savena made a mistake in her speech preparation by not conducting a pre-speech __________.
situational analysis
When Robert asked his class, “How many of you just don’t have enough time to do all the things you want to do in a day?” as his speech introductory device, almost everyone in the audience raised their hands. This audience reaction is an __________.
indication of nonverbal responsiveness
Generally, a public speaker does not have an exchange with an audience unless the speech is __________.
part of a question-and-answer or discussion format
As a speaker, probably the best way to know if you are maintaining your audience’s interest is to __________.
note the amount of eye contact they have with you