Ch. 4 textbook

Question 1

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What type(s) of covalent bonds is it capable of forming with oxygen?

Answer 1

single and double bonds

Question 2

Organic compounds:

Answer 2

ranges from simple molecules such as methane (CH4) to colossal ones, such as proteins, with thousands of atoms.

Question 3

An atoms valence

Answer 3

the number of covalent bonds it can form.

Question 4

4 main major elements of organic molecules

Answer 4

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, & Carbon

Question 5

Hydrocarbons

Answer 5

organic molecules only containing hydrogen and carbon.

Question 6

What is the role of hydrocarbons in fats?

Answer 6

Provides energy storage , insulation, and protection for organs.

Question 7

Isomers:

Answer 7

compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same element but different structures, hence different properties.

Question 8

Structural isomers:

Answer 8

Differ in the covalent arrangements of their atom

Question 9

In cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) -

Answer 9

Carbons have covalent bonds to the same atom, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of double bonds.

Question 10

Enantiomers:

Answer 10

isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon, one that is attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms.

Question 11

Functional group:

Answer 11

Each has certain properties, such as shape and charge, that cause it to participate in chemical reactions in a characteristic way.

Question 12

The phosphate group

Answer 12

a chemical group made up of a phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms.