History exam #2 Flashcards
study guide questions
What event removed James II from power?
The Glorious Revolution
Who was invited to rule England after the Glorious Revolution?
William and Mary of Orange from Holland
Who were the main three imperial powers involved in the Wars for Empire?
Britain, France and Spain
Which war was fought for the control of North America?
The French and Indian War
Which river valley was the point of contact between the French and British colonies in North America?
The Ohio River Valley
Which British Militia Lieutenant was sent to try and negotiate with the French?
George Washington
Which British general was killed trying to fight a conventional war in North America?
Edward Braddock
The fall of which fort led to a surprising reversal for the French?
Ft William Henry
What was the turning point in the French and Indian War?
The Royal Navy was used to blockade France
How did the British stop French troops from coming to North America?
With the Royal Navy
Which treaty ended the French and Indian War?
Treaty of Paris, 1763
Who did the British Parliament believe should pay for the French and Indian War?
The north American colonists
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
This set settlement limits east of the Appalachian mountains
Where was the limit of colonial settlements placed after the French and Indian War?
The Appalachian Mountains
Who replaced William Pitt as British Prime Minister after the end of the French and Indian War?
George Grenville
What was George Grenville’s priority as a prime minister?
To reduce the debt of the British Empire
What were the Grenville Acts?
Laws designed to pay off the debt Britain incurred during the seven years war.
What did the Sugar Act do?
Placed a tax on Sugar and other consumer goods in the north American colonies
Were other good taxed under the Sugar Act?
Yes! Other goods were taxed to increase the Tax base
What currency did many colonies use before the passage of the currency act?
They used independent, colonial currency from the individual colonies
What did the Currency act of 1764 accomplish?
It standardized North American currency on the British Pound
What did the Stamp Act tax?
Official paper issued by the government
What did the Quartering Act do?
Allowed soldiers to be housed in private homes
Why was quartering implemented?
To save money on housing soldiers needed to protect North American Colonies
How did the North American Colonists respond to the Grenville Acts?
Many objected and began to protest in different ways.
Who was the famous leader of the Sons of Liberty?
These were the most radical of the colonial groups objecting to the new Grenville acts
Were the Sons of Liberty a non-violent group?
No, they would use violence and intimidation to achieve their ends
What was the policy of the Marquis of Rockingham when it came to the North American colonies?
To ease off the taxation of the colonies
What law did Rockingham push through as a conciliatory measure for the North American Colonies?
The Declaratory Act of 1766
Who was Charles Townshend?
The Chancellor of the Exchequer named by the king to address the debt crisis in britain
What did the New York Legislature act do?
It suspended self governance of New York until the Quartering Act was implemented
What was the Revenue Act?
A broad tax designed to tax multiple goods in North America
Who was Crispus Attucks?
A black American killed during the Boston Massacre who was blamed for the rioting
What was the Boston Massacre?
The shooting of several American colonists by British troops
Which British Law maker resumed taxation in the years following the Boston Massacre?
Lord Frederick North
What good did Lord North’s government tax, eventually prompting a colonial boycott?
Tea
Which group organized and led the Boston Tea Party?
The Sons of Liberty
What was the group of laws passed after the Boston Tea Party called?
The Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts
The Boston Port Act closed Boston Harbor until what conditions were met?
The money lost in the boston tea party was repaid
Who was placed in charge of the Colony of Massachusetts under the Massachusetts Government act?
The British Army
Under the Impartial administration of Justice Act, where were cases involving the British crown tried?
Back in England
What group was founded in response to the Coercive Acts?
The Continental Congress
What are the Suffolk Resolutions?
The Decision to begin arming Massachusetts for war with Britain
What did the 1st Continental Congress want to achieve?
Compromise with Britain
The British marched on which town hoping to capture members of congress and weapons?
Concord
A colonial militia attempted to stop the British army from reaching Concord in which Town?
Lexington
What happened to British forces after they left Concord to return to Boston?
They were continually ambushed
The Second Continental Congress was formed as a response to what event?
Lexington and Concord
Who did the Second Continental Congress name as the commander of the new Continental Army?
George Washington
Which two rebel commanders captured Fort Ticonderoga?
Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold
Why was the capture of Ticonderoga so important to the early rebellion?
It provided cannon and needed supplies to the rebellion
The British attempted to break out of Boston by attacking which Rebel position?
Bunker Hill
What was the result of the battle of Bunker Hill?
The British took the hill but lost nearly 1000 men doing so. The rebel lines were not broken.
Who were the three primary architects of the Declaration of Independence?
Franklin, Adams and Jefferson
What idea did Benjamin Franklin edit out of the constitution, upsetting Thomas Jefferson?
The abolition of Slavery
A victory at which battle saved the Continental Army during the winter of 1776? Trenton
Trenton
The British officer tasked with cutting New England off from the rest of the colonies was whom?
John Burgoyne
Which vital town was John Burgoyne attempting to secure?
Saratoga
Which American general was sent against John Burgoyne?
Horatio Gates
The true hero of Saratoga was whom?
Benedict Arnold
What happened to Benedict Arnold during the battle of Saratoga?
He was shot in the Leg
What was the true significance of the American victory at Saratoga?
It showed America could win and convinced France to help the Americans
Which French King made the decision to intervene in the American War for Independence?
Louis XVI
What kind of assistance did France Provide?
Both Material support and help training American soldiers and officers
The most famous American Naval captain of the War for Independence was whom?
John Paul Jones
Which foreign officers helped to professionalize the American military?
Lafayette and Von Steuben
Benedict Arnold was almost certainly recruited to betray the American cause by whom?
Peggy Shippen
Which British officer helped Benedict Arnold in his quest to join the British side of the war?
John Andre
What happened to British intelligence officer John Andre?
He was executed as a spy by the Americans
What fort was Benedict Arnold planning to hand over to André and the British?
West Point
Which southern city was captured with several hundred American Continental soldiers?
Savannah, GA
Following the fall of Savannah, which American officer led an insurgency against the British?
Francis Marion
Who did Congress send south to attempt to liberate the Southern Colonies?
Horatio Gates
What happened to the Continental Army at the battle of Camden?
It was routed by Charles Cornwallis
Who replaced General Gates after the battle of Camden?
Nathaniel Greene
What strategy was implemented by Generals Morgan and Greene?
To keep Cornwallis away from the sea and support from the British
Which side won the battle of Guilford Courthouse?
The British won, but the americans were able to force the British to retreat to the sea
What happened at the siege of Yorktown?
The British were caught between the americans and French on land and the French navy at sea
Who negotiated the Peace of Paris for the new American Government?
Adams, Franklin and Jay
What was the one condition that Adams, Jay and Franklin had for peace with the British?
For a recognition of American Independence
What was the Newburgh Conspiracy and why did it happen?
An attempt by continental officers to capture congress and force them to pay the money owed to the army after the war ended
What was the first form of Government created by the Independent United States?
The Articles of Confederation
