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Classes 2024 > History exam #2 > Flashcards

History exam #2 Flashcards

study guide questions

1
Q

What event removed James II from power?

A

The Glorious Revolution

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2
Q

Who was invited to rule England after the Glorious Revolution?

A

William and Mary of Orange from Holland

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3
Q

Who were the main three imperial powers involved in the Wars for Empire?

A

Britain, France and Spain

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4
Q

Which war was fought for the control of North America?

A

The French and Indian War

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5
Q

Which river valley was the point of contact between the French and British colonies in North America?

A

The Ohio River Valley

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6
Q

Which British Militia Lieutenant was sent to try and negotiate with the French?

A

George Washington

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7
Q

Which British general was killed trying to fight a conventional war in North America?

A

Edward Braddock

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8
Q

The fall of which fort led to a surprising reversal for the French?

A

Ft William Henry

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9
Q

What was the turning point in the French and Indian War?

A

The Royal Navy was used to blockade France

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10
Q

How did the British stop French troops from coming to North America?

A

With the Royal Navy

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11
Q

Which treaty ended the French and Indian War?

A

Treaty of Paris, 1763

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12
Q

Who did the British Parliament believe should pay for the French and Indian War?

A

The north American colonists

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13
Q

What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?

A

This set settlement limits east of the Appalachian mountains

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14
Q

Where was the limit of colonial settlements placed after the French and Indian War?

A

The Appalachian Mountains

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15
Q

Who replaced William Pitt as British Prime Minister after the end of the French and Indian War?

A

George Grenville

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16
Q

What was George Grenville’s priority as a prime minister?

A

To reduce the debt of the British Empire

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17
Q

What were the Grenville Acts?

A

Laws designed to pay off the debt Britain incurred during the seven years war.

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18
Q

What did the Sugar Act do?

A

Placed a tax on Sugar and other consumer goods in the north American colonies

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19
Q

Were other good taxed under the Sugar Act?

A

Yes! Other goods were taxed to increase the Tax base

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20
Q

What currency did many colonies use before the passage of the currency act?

A

They used independent, colonial currency from the individual colonies

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21
Q

What did the Currency act of 1764 accomplish?

A

It standardized North American currency on the British Pound

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22
Q

What did the Stamp Act tax?

A

Official paper issued by the government

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23
Q

What did the Quartering Act do?

A

Allowed soldiers to be housed in private homes

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24
Q

Why was quartering implemented?

A

To save money on housing soldiers needed to protect North American Colonies

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25
Q

How did the North American Colonists respond to the Grenville Acts?

A

Many objected and began to protest in different ways.

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26
Q

Who was the famous leader of the Sons of Liberty?

A

These were the most radical of the colonial groups objecting to the new Grenville acts

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27
Q

Were the Sons of Liberty a non-violent group?

A

No, they would use violence and intimidation to achieve their ends

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28
Q

What was the policy of the Marquis of Rockingham when it came to the North American colonies?

A

To ease off the taxation of the colonies

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29
Q

What law did Rockingham push through as a conciliatory measure for the North American Colonies?

A

The Declaratory Act of 1766

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30
Q

Who was Charles Townshend?

A

The Chancellor of the Exchequer named by the king to address the debt crisis in britain

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31
Q

What did the New York Legislature act do?

A

It suspended self governance of New York until the Quartering Act was implemented

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32
Q

What was the Revenue Act?

A

A broad tax designed to tax multiple goods in North America

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33
Q

Who was Crispus Attucks?

A

A black American killed during the Boston Massacre who was blamed for the rioting

34
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

The shooting of several American colonists by British troops

35
Q

Which British Law maker resumed taxation in the years following the Boston Massacre?

A

Lord Frederick North

36
Q

What good did Lord North’s government tax, eventually prompting a colonial boycott?

A

Tea

37
Q

Which group organized and led the Boston Tea Party?

A

The Sons of Liberty

38
Q

What was the group of laws passed after the Boston Tea Party called?

A

The Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts

39
Q

The Boston Port Act closed Boston Harbor until what conditions were met?

A

The money lost in the boston tea party was repaid

40
Q

Who was placed in charge of the Colony of Massachusetts under the Massachusetts Government act?

A

The British Army

41
Q

Under the Impartial administration of Justice Act, where were cases involving the British crown tried?

A

Back in England

42
Q

What group was founded in response to the Coercive Acts?

A

The Continental Congress

43
Q

What are the Suffolk Resolutions?

A

The Decision to begin arming Massachusetts for war with Britain

44
Q

What did the 1st Continental Congress want to achieve?

A

Compromise with Britain

45
Q

The British marched on which town hoping to capture members of congress and weapons?

A

Concord

46
Q

A colonial militia attempted to stop the British army from reaching Concord in which Town?

A

Lexington

47
Q

What happened to British forces after they left Concord to return to Boston?

A

They were continually ambushed

48
Q

The Second Continental Congress was formed as a response to what event?

A

Lexington and Concord

49
Q

Who did the Second Continental Congress name as the commander of the new Continental Army?

A

George Washington

50
Q

Which two rebel commanders captured Fort Ticonderoga?

A

Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold

51
Q

Why was the capture of Ticonderoga so important to the early rebellion?

A

It provided cannon and needed supplies to the rebellion

52
Q

The British attempted to break out of Boston by attacking which Rebel position?

A

Bunker Hill

53
Q

What was the result of the battle of Bunker Hill?

A

The British took the hill but lost nearly 1000 men doing so. The rebel lines were not broken.

54
Q

Who were the three primary architects of the Declaration of Independence?

A

Franklin, Adams and Jefferson

55
Q

What idea did Benjamin Franklin edit out of the constitution, upsetting Thomas Jefferson?

A

The abolition of Slavery

56
Q

A victory at which battle saved the Continental Army during the winter of 1776? Trenton

A

Trenton

57
Q

The British officer tasked with cutting New England off from the rest of the colonies was whom?

A

John Burgoyne

58
Q

Which vital town was John Burgoyne attempting to secure?

A

Saratoga

59
Q

Which American general was sent against John Burgoyne?

A

Horatio Gates

60
Q

The true hero of Saratoga was whom?

A

Benedict Arnold

61
Q

What happened to Benedict Arnold during the battle of Saratoga?

A

He was shot in the Leg

62
Q

What was the true significance of the American victory at Saratoga?

A

It showed America could win and convinced France to help the Americans

63
Q

Which French King made the decision to intervene in the American War for Independence?

A

Louis XVI

64
Q

What kind of assistance did France Provide?

A

Both Material support and help training American soldiers and officers

65
Q

The most famous American Naval captain of the War for Independence was whom?

A

John Paul Jones

66
Q

Which foreign officers helped to professionalize the American military?

A

Lafayette and Von Steuben

67
Q

Benedict Arnold was almost certainly recruited to betray the American cause by whom?

A

Peggy Shippen

68
Q

Which British officer helped Benedict Arnold in his quest to join the British side of the war?

A

John Andre

69
Q

What happened to British intelligence officer John Andre?

A

He was executed as a spy by the Americans

70
Q

What fort was Benedict Arnold planning to hand over to André and the British?

A

West Point

71
Q

Which southern city was captured with several hundred American Continental soldiers?

A

Savannah, GA

72
Q

Following the fall of Savannah, which American officer led an insurgency against the British?

A

Francis Marion

73
Q

Who did Congress send south to attempt to liberate the Southern Colonies?

A

Horatio Gates

74
Q

What happened to the Continental Army at the battle of Camden?

A

It was routed by Charles Cornwallis

75
Q

Who replaced General Gates after the battle of Camden?

A

Nathaniel Greene

76
Q

What strategy was implemented by Generals Morgan and Greene?

A

To keep Cornwallis away from the sea and support from the British

77
Q

Which side won the battle of Guilford Courthouse?

A

The British won, but the americans were able to force the British to retreat to the sea

78
Q

What happened at the siege of Yorktown?

A

The British were caught between the americans and French on land and the French navy at sea

79
Q

Who negotiated the Peace of Paris for the new American Government?

A

Adams, Franklin and Jay

80
Q

What was the one condition that Adams, Jay and Franklin had for peace with the British?

A

For a recognition of American Independence

81
Q

What was the Newburgh Conspiracy and why did it happen?

A

An attempt by continental officers to capture congress and force them to pay the money owed to the army after the war ended

82
Q

What was the first form of Government created by the Independent United States?

A

The Articles of Confederation

Classes 2024 (5 decks)

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