Mid-term Flashcards
Methods of Development
Quotes Facts and Stats Examples Anecdotes Reasons Sensory Details
5 Cannons of Rhetoric
Invention Arrangement Style Memory Delivery
Writing Process
Purpose (Why is the writer writing?)
Know your audience (influences what and how you write)
Code/Style (the writers language and how it is arranged)
Rhetoric
Artful use of the resources of language to create an effect
Trope
Artful diction, use of word, phrase or image in a way not intended by normal signification
Scheme
Artful syntax, change in standard word order or pattern
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds
“The fleeing Greeks received me peacefully”
Alliteration
Repetition of consonant sounds
“Your easy on the eyes”
“Hard on the heart”
Allusion
Brief, usual, indirect reference to a person, place, or event (real or fictional) often to another literary work
Simile
Similarity between 2 objects directly expressed
Usually uses “like” or “as”
Metaphor
Imaginatively identifying one object with another (lies)
Comparison that brings about emotional reaction
Stronger than just telling
Uses “was”
Personification
Giving human (living) traits to no living objects
Hyperbole
Extravagant exaggeration
Epistrophe
Repetition at end of sentences, phrases and clauses
Ellipsis
Omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context
Signaled with …
Chiasmas
Repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order
Oxymoron
Trope that combines 2 normally contradictory words
Rhetorical question
It’s answer is obvious and not stated
Used for effect and emphasis
Denotation
Dictionary definition
Connotation
Emotional suggestions
Syntax
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well formed sentences in a language
Ethos
A sense the author/speaker gives as being competent, trustworthy, credible (expert testimony)
Pathos
An appeal to emotions of the audience, to their felt needs (pulling the heartstrings)
Logos
Use of logical reasoning through facts, case studies, statistics, experiments (pulling the brain strings)
Analogy
A comparison between 2 things
Can compare similar things
Euphemism
Deliberate or polite use of pleasant or neutral word to avoid emotional implications of a plain term
To soften, harmless
Morpheme
Individual units of meaning
Phoneme
Smallest unit of sound
Diction
Vocal or word choice
The force, accuracy and distinction with which they are used
Etymology
Study of the true sense of a word
Of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed thru history
Jargon
Specialized language of a trade, profession or similar group
Lexicon
Your word cache vocabulary
Enumeration
Takes a simple statement and expands it, breaking it down into parts and emphasizing the detail (often numbered/bulleted lists)
Anaphora
Repetition at beginning of sentences, phrases and clauses
Semantics
Study of meaning in language
Rapport
To build a relationship, establish positive feelings
Juxtaposition
To hold up 2 items side by side for purpose of comparison
Doublespeak
Pretends to communicate but really doesn’t, makes the bad seem good, negative appear positive, conceals, disceptive
Archaic Diction
Marked by characteristics of an earlier period
Bookends
Conclusion refers back to intro
Hypothera
Consists of raising one or more questions and proceeding to answer them, often at some length
Tricolon
3 commas, list of 3
Antithesis
A rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases/clauses
Anadiplosis
Form of repetition in which the last word of one clause or sentence is repeated as the first word of the following clause or sentence
Rhetorical Shift
Abrupt change in the flow of an argument (often shown by types of conjunctions like “but, however, although”)
Amplification
Repeating a word or expression in order to emphasize what might otherwise be passed over
Coherence devices
Connectives
Pronoun antecedent
Repetition of a key word
Direct reference
Figurative language
Simile
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Personification
Classical essay form
Introduction Narration Thesis Confirmation Refutation Conclusion
