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AP Lang > Final Exam Semester 1 > Flashcards

Final Exam Semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Phrase

A

A group of words used as a single part of speech without a subject and verb

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2
Q

Preposition

A

A word that shows relationship

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3
Q

Prepositional Phrase

A

Preposition+modifier+object

To at of like for but concerning from with despite

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4
Q

Adverb prep phrase

A

Answers when and where

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5
Q

Adjective prep phase

A

Answers what kind and which one

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6
Q

Weasel words

A 
Suck all the meaning out of words
Can
May
Helps
Real
Picked fresh
Studies suggest
People say
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7
Q

Conjunctions (Coordinating)

A

FANBOYS

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8
Q

Conjunctions (correlative)

A

Both and
Neither nor
Either or
Not only but also

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9
Q

Infinitive phrase

A

“To” + a verb

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10
Q

Appositive phrase

A

Rename the noun before

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11
Q

Polysyndeton

A

Use of conjunctions between each word, phrase or clause

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12
Q

Asyndeton

A

Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, and clauses
Feels incomplete

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13
Q

Clause

A

A group of words that does have a subject and verb

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14
Q

Simple sentence

A

Independent clause

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15
Q

Compound sentence

A

2 simple sentences

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16
Q

Illegal ways to make a compound sentence

A
  1. Nothing
  2. Conjunction only
  3. Comma splice
  4. Conjunction then comma
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17
Q

Legal ways to form a compound sentence

A
  1. Semicolon

2. Comma then conjunction

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18
Q

Expletive

A

Single word or short phrase usually interrupting normal syntax used to lend emphasis to the words immediately
Near beginning or end of sentences
Indeed of course in short in fact after all naturally clearly

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19
Q

Subordinating conjunctions

A 
After
Before
Unless
Although
Since
Because
While
As
Until
If
Even though
Whenever so
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20
Q

Relative pronouns

A

Who whom whose which that

Introduces adjectives

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21
Q

Subordinate clause comma rule #1

A

Introductory subordinate clauses are set off by commas

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22
Q

Rule #2

A

Sub clause in middle of sentence

Offset with commas when contain nonessential info

23
Q

Complex sentence

A

One simple sentence and at least one subordinate clause

24
Q

Compound complex

A

2 simple sentences fused and at least 1 subordinate clause

25
Q

TIQAS

A 
Topic sentence
Introduce quote
Quote
Analysis
Summary statement
26
Q

Modifiers

A

Adjectives describe the noun or pronoun
Answers which one, what kind and how many
Can be before or after noun
Adj phrases go after the noun they modify

Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Answers how, when, where, to what extent
Can go about anywhere

27
Q

Pronouns

A

Replace a noun

28
Q

Verbs

A

Expresses action or state of being

29
Q

Noun

A

Who or what

Person place thing or idea

30
Q

Parallel structure

A

Items in a sentence should be in the same grammatical form

31
Q

Fallacies

A

Faulty reasoning (emotional, ethical, logical)

32
Q

Card stacking (logical fallacies)

A

Concealing, withholding or ignoring evidence

33
Q

False dichotomy (logical fallacy)

A

Offering up only 2 choices when more exist

34
Q

Post hoc ergo propter hoc (logical fallacy)

A

After this therefore because of this

A causes b

35
Q

Ad hominem (logical fallacy)

A

Attacks the person, not the argument

36
Q

Bandwagon (logical fallacy)

A

Peer pressure

Group identity

37
Q

Guilt by association (logical fallacy)

A

You are known by the company you keep

38
Q

Red herring (logical fallacy)

A

Arguing besides the point, using tangent to change subject

39
Q

Tu quoque

A

You did it too

Look at opponents/accuser weaknesses to hide your own

40
Q

Straw man (logical fallacy)

A

Setting up a fake argument and then attacking (one your opponent isn’t making)

41
Q

Begging the question (logical fallacy)

A

Circular reasoning, restated question, no evidence, saying it over again

42
Q

Amphiboly (logical fallacy)

A

Misuses implications

43
Q

Equivocation (logical fallacy)

A

Misinterpretation, decieving, creative

44
Q

Reducio and absurdum (logical fallacy)

A

To reduce your opponents argument to absurdity

45
Q

Slippery slope (logical fallacy)

A

Treadmill keeps getting better or worse

46
Q

Non sequitur (logical fallacy)

A

Not logical

47
Q

Irony

A

The event or outcome of events is contrary to what was expected

48
Q

Verbal irony

A

Deliberate contrast between what is said and what is meant
Nickname for bald guy is Harry
Comment on nasty storm (nice weather outside)

49
Q

Situational irony

A

When what a character and the audience expect to think differs from reality
Luke skywalker finds out darth Vader is his father at same time as the audience

50
Q

Dramatic irony

A

Audience knows the truth but character doesn’t, speaker is ignorant

51
Q

Hyphen (dashes)

A

Brother-in-law

52
Q

En dash

A

Size of an n ranges 6-10 yrs

53
Q

em dash

A

Size of an m

Stop stronger than a comma or parenthesis but not as strong as period

54
Q

Oxford comma

A

Comma before last item in a list

Optional but clears up problems

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