Mid-Term Flashcards
All of the psychic energy from our life and death instincts comprise the ___—or more literally, “the it.” We are born all ____, and Freud believed that the _____, sometimes called the primitive mind, unconsciously motivates almost all of our behaviors. The ___ operates from raw, irrational impulses called primary process, and is fueled by the pleasure principle, whose aim is to reduce tension through the simplest means possible
ID (Freud/Psychoanalysis)
without an id, the _____ has no function. Called the “I” by Freud, the ______ develops sometime after the infant is born as the child begins to wrestle with the external world of reality. Partly conscious, but also operating out of the precociousness and unconscious, the manner in which the _____ functions is often called secondary process (created secondarily after the id has formed). The main function of the ____ is to temper the id by finding socially acceptable ways to meet the demands of the id.
Ego (Freud/Psychoanalysis)
Freud/ psychoanalysis: MORAL IMPERATIVES (our moral compass) internalization of the moral imperatives of our parents and other significant others, and led to the development of a personal conscience. Freud believed that the _______ emerged from the individual’s Oedipal struggle. Operates out of unconscious and precociousness. Contains the “beast within.”
Superego
Jung/ Analytical: a depository of ancient images which we all hold in common.
collective unconscious
Jung/ Analyitcal: the _____ represents the unity of
consciousness and unconsciousness. Since consciousness expands as we age, the _____ is always changing as we integrate different parts of ourselves into consciousness. The ____ has to do with what we are becoming and is closely related to the process of individuation.
self
Jung/ Analytical: represented all of our psychological processes and contained all which is in consciousness, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious.
psyche
Adler/ Individual: In Adler’s theory, a feeling of openness with all humanity.
social interest
Adler/ Individual: The goal becomes the final cause, the ultimate independent variable. To the extent that the goal provides the key for the understanding the individual, it is a working hypothesis on the part of the psychologist
teleology
Adler/ Individual: this technique helps clients gain awareness of their self-defeating thoughts and behaviors. As clients become increasingly aware of the maladaptive behaviors they exhibit that are driven by their subjective final goals, counselors can suggest that they try to “catch” these behaviors prior to their happening
catching oneself
Frankl/Existential: existential vacuum—the awareness that existence is an absurd joke and ___________
meaninglessness
Frankl/ Existential: showing respect for the client, encouraging an open dialogue between the client and therapist, and providing an accepting atmosphere that allows for philosophical discourse about the meaning of life.
dialectic models
Frankl/ Existential: to gain a deep understanding of the client’s subjective experience of the world, the therapist will listen intensely, use empathy to ensure deep understanding of the client, and ask questions that inquire about the client’s perspective without judging the client.
A philosophical approach to studying human experiences based on the idea that human experience itself is inherently subjective and determined by the context in which people live
phenomenology
Perls/ Gestalt:
a concept that considers the whole person; the whole person has physical, social, psychological, and spiritual parts that are woven together and cannot be separated
holism
Perls/ Gestalt: when a need emerges, that need takes precedence over other needs, and moves into the _____________. As a need in the ______________ becomes satisfied, it will move into the background and a new need will emerge.
foreground
Perls/ Gestalt:related to the moralistic superego, and would later become an important part of the topdog theory
shouldisms
Perls/ Gestalt:
In Gestalt Theory, the place where people get stuck.
impasses
Perls/ Gestalt: believed that dimensions of self come in pairs and that we have an infinite number of dimensions (i.e Topdog/underdog)
polarities
Gestalt Adopts Buber’s theory. The self is always a self with other. Therapist puts themselves in the experience of the patient, is transparent, authentic, congruent and doesn’t try to control the outcome.
'’I thou’’
Rogers/ Person-Centered: (core condition): to feel loved, supported, and appreciated by those close to them.
according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
unconditional positive regard
Rogers/ Person-Centered: assesses whether a person should move toward or away from experiences based on whether those experiences match the individual’s unique qualities.
The inner sense in a person that guides them in the direction of health and growth lets you know if life experiences are in accordance with your actualizing tendency. Gut feeling, seek to move toward them, move away from interferences, and if all is well trust your gut often. Don’t trust your gut because of life experiences
organismic valuing process
Rogers/ Person-Centered: expectations we place on ourselves for appropriate and inappropriate behavior that determine how we see ourselves
conditions of worth
Skinner/ Behavioral: when a behavior is viewed
and then repeated at a later time. Usually, the behavior has some intrinsic value and thus there is reason for the individual to maintain some mental image or model of the behavior so that it can be used later.
social learning model
Skinner/ Behavior: As behaviors become shaped, they become less random. Parents can shape their children’s behaviors deliberately or, as
most parents do, behaviors can be shaped accidentally or inadvertently.
Rewarding approximations of desired behaviors
systematically reinforcing certain behaviors in order to reach a specified end goal behavior
shaping or successive approximation
Skinner/ Behavior: the cessation of a behavior because it is not reinforced
extinction
