Mid-Term Flashcards
1715
(death of Louis XIV, ruling as the Sun King 1661-1715)
Rococo
A style, primarily of interior design, that appeared in France around 1700. Rococo interiors featured lavish decoration, including small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, easel painting, tapestries, reliefs, wall paintings, and elegant furniture. The term Rococo derived from the French word rocaille (‘pebble”) and refereed to the small stones and shells used to decorate grotto interiors.
fête galante
French “amorous festival. “A type of Rococo painting depicting the outdoor amusements of French upper-class society.
Enlightenment
The Western philosophy based on empirical evidence that dominated the 18th century. The Enlightenment was a new way of thinking critically about the word and about humankind, independently of religion, myth, and tradition.
1776
America declares its independence from Great Britain
Neo-Classicism
A style of art ad architecture that emerged in the late 18th century as part of a general revival of interest in classical cultures. Neoclassical artist adopted themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome.
exemplum virtutis
Latin, “example or model of virtue”
1789
beginning of the French Revolution
Romanticism
A Western cultural phenomenon beginning around 1750 and ending about 1850, that gave precedence to feeling and imagination over reason and thought. More narrowly, the art movement that flourished from about 1800 to 1840. (c.1780-1850)
1789
the beginning of French Revolution
1804-14
Napoleon is Emperor of France
etching
A kind of engraving in which the design is incised in a layer of wax or varnish on a metal plate. The parts of the plate left exposed are then etched by the acid in which the plated is immersed after incising.
aquatint
a print resembling a watercolor, produced from a copper plate etched with nitric acid.
subjectivism
the doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth.
optical mixture of color
The visual effect of juxtaposed complementary colors.
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
(founded 1848) group of English 19th-century artists who consciously sought to emulate the simplicity and sincerity of the work of Italian artists from before the time of Raphael.
lithograph
A printing making technique in which the artist uses an oil-based crayon to draw directly on a stone plate and then wipes water onto the stone. When ink is rolled onto the plate, it adheres to the drawing.
Daguerreotype
A photography made by an early method on a plate of chemically treated metal; developed by Louis J.M. Dauguerre.
Calotype
From the Greek kalos, “beautiful”. A photographic process in which a positive image is made by shining light through a negative image onto a sheet of sensitized paper.
Wet plate photography
An early photographic process in which the photographic plate is exposed, developed, and fixed while wet.
albumen print
First, a thin piece of paper is coated with an emulsion containing both egg white (albumen) and salt. A subsequent immersion in a bath of silver nitrate renders the paper light-sensitive. The paper is next dried in the dark, then placed in a frame under a glass negative and exposed in direct sunlight until the image achieves the proper level of darkness.
1863
Salon des Refusés
1874
first Impressionism group show
Impressionism
A late 19th centrury art movement that saught to capturea fleeting moment, therby conveying the illusiveness and impermance of images and conditions(c.1869 - 1886)
plein air
An approach to painting much popular among the Impressionist, in which an artist sketches outdoors to achieve a quick impression of light, air, and color. The artist then takes the sketches to the studio for reworking into more finished works of art.
Japonisme
The French fascination with all things Japanese. Japonisme merged in the second half of the 19th century.
Bernini, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 1645-52, Italian Baroque
Caravaggio, Conversion of Paul, Cerasi Chapel, Sta. Maria del Popolo, Rome, c.1601, Italian Baroque
Velázquez, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), 1656, Spanish Baroque
Peter Paul Rubens, Elevation of the Cross, from Saint Walburga, Antwerp, 1610, Flemish Baroque
Rembrandt von Rijn, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632. Dutch Baroque
Jacob van Ruisdael, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, c.1670, Dutch Baroque
Vermeer, Allegory of the Art of Painting, 1670-75, Dutch Baroque
Nicolas Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, c.1655, French Baroque
Hyacinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701, French Baroque
palace and gardens of Versailles, France, begun 1669, French Baroque
Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Charles Le Brun, Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, c.1680, French Baroque
Christopher Wren, Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London, Baroque in England, 1675-1710
Germain Boffrand and Charles-Joseph Natoire, decoration of Salon de la Princesse, Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, France, 1737-40, Rococo
François de Cuvilliés, Hall of Mirrors, the Amalienburg, Nyphenburg Palace park, Munich, Germany, early 18th century, Rococo
Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, France, 1717, Rococo
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, France, 1766, Rococo
Giambattista Tiepolo, Apotheosis of the Pisani Family, ceiling fresco in the Villa Pisani, Stra, Italy, 1761-62, Rococo
Joseph Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, England, c.1763-65, Enlightenment
Jean-Baptiste Chardin, Saying Grace, France, 1740, Enlightenment
Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Village Bride, France, 1761, Enlightenment
William Hogarth, Breakfast Scene from Marriage à la Mode, England, c.1745, Enlightenment
Joshua Reynolds, Lord Heathfield, England, 1787, Enlightenment
Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, America, 1771, Enlightenment
John Singleton Copley, Paul Revere, c.1768-70, America, Enlightenment
Robert Adam, Etruscan Room, Osterley Park House, Middlesex, England, begun 1761, Neo-Classicism
Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures or Mother of the Gracchi, England, c.1785, Neo-Classicism
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, France, 1784-85, Neo-Classicis
David, Death of Marat, France, 1793, Neo-Classicism
Richard Boyle and William Kent, Chiswick House, near London, England, begun 1725, Neo-Classicism
Jacques-Germain Soufflot, Panthéon (Sainte Geneviève), Paris, France 1755-92, Neo-Classicism
Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, Charlottesville, VA, 1770-1806, Neo-Classicism
Jefferson, Rotunda and Lawn, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1819-26, Neo-Classicism
Jean-Antoine Houdon, George Washington, France, 1788-92, Neo-Classicism
David, Coronation of Napoleon, France, 1805-1808, Neo-Classicism under Napoleon
Pierre Vignon, La Madeleine, Paris, France, 1806-43, Neo-Classicism
Canova, Pauline Borghese as Venus, Italy, 1808, Neo-Classicism
Antoine-Jean Gros, Napoleon at the Pesthouse at Jaffa, France, 1804, Neo-Classicism under Napoleon
Anne-Louis Girodet, Burial of Atala, France, 1808, Neo-Classicism
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Grande Odalisque, France, 1814, Neo-Classicism
Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, France, 1827, Neo-Classicism
Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781, England, Romanticism
William Blake, Ancient of Days, frontispiece to Europe: A Prophecy, 1794, England, Romanticism
Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, from Los Caprichos, 1796-98, Spain, Romanticism
Goya, The Family of Charles IV, 1800, Spain, Romanticism
Goya, The Third of May, 1808, at Madrid: The Shootings on Principe Pio Mountain, 1814, Spain, Romanticism
Goya, Saturn Devouring One of His Children, 1819-23 (fresco, transferred to canvas), Spain, Romanticism
Géricault, Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19, France, Romanticism
Géricault, Insane Woman (Monomania of Envy), 1822-23, France, Romanticism
Eugène Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, 1827, France, Romanticism
Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830, France, Romanticism
Delacroix, Lion Hunt, 1854, France, Romanticism
Rude, The Departure of the Volunteers in 1792 (La Marseillaise), Arc de Triomphe, Paris, 1833-36, France, Romanticism
Caspar David Friedrich, Abbey in an Oak Forest, 1809-10, Germany, Romanticism
John Constable, The Hay Wain, 1821, England, Romanticism
Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1840, England, Romanticism
Thomas Cole, The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm, 1836, America, Romanticism
Albert Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868, America, Romanticism
Frederic Edwin Church, Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860s, America, Romanticism
Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin, Houses of Parliament, London, England, 1835- [Neo-Gothic]
John Nash, Royal Pavilion, Brighton, England, 1815-18 [Indian Gothic]
Charles Garner, the Opéra, Paris, France, 1861-74 [Neo-Baroque]
Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849, France, Realism
Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50, France, Realism
Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857, France, Realism
Honoré Daumier, Rue Transnonain, 1834, France, Realism
Daumier, Third-Class Carriage, c.1862, France, Realism
Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair, 1853-55, France, Realism
Wilhelm Leibl, Three Women in a Village Church, 1878-82, Germany, Realism
Winslow Homer, Veteran in a New Field, 1865, America, Realism
Thomas Eakins, The Gross Clinic, 1875, America, Realism
Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Thankful Poor, 1894, America, Realism
Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free, 1867, America, Realism
Henri Labrouste, reading room of the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Paris, France, 1843-50 [Renaissance Revival using cast iron]
Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, England, 1850-51; enlarged and relocated at Sydenham, England, 1852-54 [‘undraped construction’ in cast iron]
Nadar [Gaspard-Félix Tournachon] Eugène Delacroix, c.1855 [wet-plate photograph, modern print from the original negative]
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, Still Life in Studio, 1837, daguerreotype
Timothy O’Sullivan, A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863, 1863 [negative by O’Sullivan, albumen print by Alexander Gardner]
Eadweard Muybridge, Horse Galloping, 1878, calotype multiple camera motion studies
John Everett Millais, Ophelia, 1852, England, Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beata Beatrix, c.1863, England, Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Édouard Manet, Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863, France, Impressionism
Manet, Olympia, 1863, France, Impressionism
Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, 1881-82, France, Impressionism
Claude Monet, Impression - Sunrise, 1872, France, Impressionism
Monet, Saint-Lazare Train Station, 1877, France, Impressionism
Monet, Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun), 1894, France, Impressionism
Gustave Caillebotte, Paris: A Rainy Day, 1877, France, Impressionism
Camille Pissarro, La Place du Théátre Français, 1898, France, Impressionism
Berthe Morisot, Villa at the Seaside, 1874, France, Impressionism
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876, France, Impressionism
Edgar Degas, Ballet Rehearsal, 1874, France, Impressionism
Degas. The Tub, 1886, France, Impressionism
Mary Cassatt, The Bath, c.1892, America, Impressionism
James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, c.1875, America, Impressionism
