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Biology 1030 > Mid Term > Flashcards

Mid Term Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Porifera common names? True tissues?

A

Sponges. NO

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2
Q

Cnidaria

A

Coral, anemones, jelly fish

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3
Q

Clade Lophotrochozoa

A

Platyhelminthes, Brachiopoda,Mollusca,Annelida

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4
Q

Clade Ecdysozoa

A

Nematoda,Arhtropoda,Echinodermata,Chrodata

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5
Q

What type of epithelium would you expect to find covering a surface subject to physical forces?

A

Stratified squamous epitheiium

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6
Q

What type of epithelial tissue, found in the intestines, absorbs nutrients?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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7
Q

Which of these tissues, found in the lungs, permits gas exchange by diffusion?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What type of epithelial tissue lines kidney tubules?

A

simple cuboidal cells

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9
Q

What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries?

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers.

A

branched

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11
Q

_____ muscle is attached to bones.

A

Skeletal

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12
Q

A neuron consists of _____.

A

dendrites, a cell body, and axons

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13
Q

Nervous tissue functions _____.

A

to sense stimuli

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14
Q

Which of these is NOT one of the four major categories of tissue?

A

blood. Blood is a type of connective tissue.

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15
Q

When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.

A

amino acids

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16
Q

When digested, fats are broken down into _____.

A

both glycerol and fatty acids

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17
Q

Starch is a type of?

A

polysaccharide

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18
Q

Your small intestine can absorb ____ without their being further digested.

A

fructoses

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19
Q

Which of these enzymes begins the breakdown of starch?

A

amylase

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20
Q

Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.

A

maltose

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21
Q

Protein digestion begins in the _____.

A

stomach

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22
Q

What is the main component of gastric juice?

A

water

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23
Q

_____ is secreted by the _____ and acts to emulsify _____ in the _____.

A

Bile … liver … fats … small intestine

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24
Q

What acid is responsible for stomach acidity?

A

hydrochloric acid

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25
Q

Platyhelminthes-subphylum?

A

Turbellaria
Cestoda
Trematoda

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26
Q

Platyhelminthes Common Names?

A

Free living flatworms
Parasitic tapewprms
Parasitic flukes

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27
Q

Brachiopoda subphylum

A

Articulata

Inarticulata

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28
Q

Brachiopoda Common names?

A

Lamp shells

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29
Q

Mollusca subphylum?

A

Polyplacophora
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda

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30
Q

Polyplacophora common names?

A

Chitons

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31
Q

Gastropoda common names?

A

Slugs and snails

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32
Q

Bivalvia common names?

A

Calms, scallops, mussels

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33
Q

Cephalopoda common names?

A

Squid & octopi

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34
Q

Annelida subphylum?

A

Polychaeta
Hirudinea
Oligocaeta

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35
Q

Polychaeta common names?

A

Tube worms

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36
Q

Hirdinea common names?

A

Leeches

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37
Q

Oligocaeta common names?

A

Earhtworms

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38
Q

Clad Ecdysozoa–

A

Nematoda
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata

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39
Q

Phylum Nematoda common names?

A

Round worms

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40
Q

Myriapoda

A

Centipedes and millipedes

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41
Q

Cheliceriformes

A

Spiders, scorpions

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42
Q

Hexapoda

A

flies,bees, beetles

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43
Q

Crustacea

A

Shrimp, crabs, lobsters

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44
Q

Arthropoda

A

Myriapoda
Cheliceriformes
Hexapoda
Crustacea

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45
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Asteroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea

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46
Q

Asteroidea

A

Sea stars

47
Q

Echinoidea

A

Sea urchins

48
Q

Holothuroidea

A

Sea cucumbers

49
Q

Phylum Chordata subphylum–

A

Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Vertebrata

50
Q

Cephalochordata

A

Lanceltes

51
Q

Urochordata

A

Tunicates

52
Q

Vertebrata

A

Fish, amphibians, reptiles…

53
Q

Porifera tissues separated by?

A

Protein membranes

54
Q

Porifera body symmetry?

A

mostly asymmetric

55
Q

Cnadaria body symmetry?

A

Radial

56
Q

Echinodermata body symmetry?

A

Bilateral, secondary pentaradial

57
Q

Coelom

A

Body cavity between the gut and body wall

58
Q

Determinant development

A

have cells determined to be specific part of animal (Clade Protostomia)

59
Q

in-determinant

A

Cells at 4 stage development has not been determined. (Clade Deutrostomia)

60
Q

Eucoelomate

A

animal with true body cavity. Mesoderm on all sides of the cavity, completely lined

61
Q

pseudocoelomate

A

false cavity. Nematode, roundworm gut surrounded by large open space, therefore only partially lined with mesoderm

62
Q

acoelmates

A

no cavity-eg:flatworm

63
Q

Heterotrphic protists

A

Are exclusively unicellular organisms

64
Q

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is false?

A

Arthropoda-chitinous exoskeleton, jointed legs,and a CLOSED CIRC SYSTEM

65
Q

Which is not found in all chordates?

A

Vertebrae

66
Q

A sponge would be classified in the phylum

A

Porifera

67
Q

Which is not a defining characteristic of animals?

A

Motility in all stages of life

68
Q

True tissues evolved in the clade

A

Eumetazoa

69
Q

Monophyletic

A

Group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. A monophyletic taxon is equivalent to a clade.

70
Q

Paraphyletic

A

Pertaining to a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and some but not all of its descendants.

71
Q

Polyphyletic

A

Pertaining to a group of taxa derived from two to more different ancestors.

72
Q

Protists are polyphyletic or monophyletic>

A

paraphyletic

73
Q

Dibiblastic

A

animals with only 2 germ layers, PHYLUM CNIDARIA

74
Q

Triboblastic

A

3 germ layers, mesoderm in the middle

75
Q

All phyla Triboblastic except for?

A

Cnidaria

76
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Stinging cell common to Cnidaria, used for defines, capture prey

77
Q

Nematocyst

A

thread containing capsule in Cnidocyte, common to Cidaria

78
Q

All phyla have bilateral symmetry except for?

A

Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata

79
Q

Basal vertebrates

A

Jawless fish–Hagfish-no jaw

Lampreys

80
Q

Gnathosomes

A 
Vertebrates with jaws
cartiligous fish
boney fish
tetrapods
amniotes
81
Q

Cartilaginous fish

A

Ratfish, rays, sharks

Complete skeleton, sometimes hardened

82
Q

The Boney fish

A

Boney skeletons
ray finned fishes
lobe finned fishes
tiktaalik- a tetrapod like fish

83
Q

Tetrapods

A

Vertebrates with four limbs

the AMPHIBIANS

84
Q

All animals share a common ancestor.

A

Animals have a common ancestor. It is thought to have been a protist similar to a choanoflagellate.

85
Q

Which of the following correctly traces the path of sperm from their site of production to their exit from a man’s body?

A

seminiferous tubule → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra

86
Q

The mesoderm gives rise to _____.

A

skeletal and muscular systems

87
Q

The first stage of embryonic development is _____. This process produces _____.

A

cleavage … a cluster of cells

88
Q

In humans, oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that _____.

A

oogenesis does not complete meiosis until after fertilization, but spermatogenesis is complete before the sperm leave the body

89
Q

Among the following, the earliest consequence of the acrosomal reaction is _____.

A

the membrane of the egg depolarizing. known as the “fast” block to polyspermy, i.e., the prevention of additional sperm binding to the egg.

90
Q

The uneven cleavage of cells early in the development of the yolk-rich embryos of birds is called _____.

A

meroblastic cleavage

91
Q

Which term describes an animal that lacks a body cavity?

A

Acoelomate

92
Q

Which of the following statements about protostomes is false?

A

Protostomes face the environment in multiple directions.

93
Q

Which of the following groups of organisms was the first to develop body segmentation?

A

Annelids

94
Q

What role do germ cells play in gametogenesis?

A

They produce cells that divide by mitosis and then undergo meiosis to form gametes

95
Q

What products are formed when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis?

A

four haploid cells

96
Q

Which of the following statements about oogenesis in humans is true?

A

Beginning at puberty, a primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a polar body approximately every month.

97
Q

Which diploid cells are produced by an embryonic germ cell?

A

Spermatogonia.

98
Q

How does spermatogenesis differ from oogenesis?

A

Diploid cells give rise to four functional gametes in spermatogenesis.

99
Q

Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need not have

A

internal development of embryos.

100
Q

A primitive streak forms during the early embryonic development of

A

birds, but not frogs or humans.

101
Q

The vertebrate ectoderm is the origin of the

A

nervous system.

102
Q

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

A

cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis

103
Q

A reproductive difference between sea urchins and humans is

A

the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization, but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization.

104
Q

A radula is present in members of which clade(s)?

A

chitons, gastropods and cephalopods

105
Q

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when

A

a species is in stable and favorable environments.

106
Q

In humans, oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that _____.

A

oogenesis does not complete meiosis until after fertilization, but spermatogenesis is complete before the sperm leave the body

107
Q

What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?

A

the radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages

108
Q

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

A

formation of a fertilization envelope.

109
Q

Epithelia tissue

A

tissues that cover outside of body or line inside body, skin, lining of lungs.

110
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

striated, because of striped appearance.

111
Q

Darker portion of skeletal muscle

A

MYOSIN, remains in place by bands of protein

112
Q

Lighter colour of skeletal muscle

A

ACTIN

113
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

muscle of the vertebrate heart

114
Q

Smooth muscle

A

not striated, myosin organized differently, no lines. Common in invertebrates

Biology 1030 (6 decks)

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