Mid Semester test Flashcards
Def of risk
uncertainty about outcomes w undesirable effects, having a magnitude & a probability + formula to estimate those
2 Defs of risk comm.
Narrow definition risk communication: Exchange of risk-related information and opinions with the aim to assist stakeholders in arriving at a balanced judgment of risks and decisions on managing these risks. Broad definition: Any communication of risk related information
important element/s of risk communication?
Educating about risks including the general notion of probability and uncertainty - Building trust - Timely, concise, unbiased message - Competent, empathetic, honest communicators - Institutional support and integrity - Involving stakeholders through adequate forms of participation - Promoting dialogue which acknowledges different interests, roles, and expertise - Monitoring effects of risk communication and adapt communication continuously
indications that rational decision making is happening?
Being aware of personal bias Consistent use of information Holistic thinking
Standardization is an important element of safety management because…
Shared understanding of processes as basis for coordination is created Knowledge about safe behavior is easily transferred to newcomers
Which of the following constitutes a possible BARRIER for effective incident reporting?
Correct Answers: Insufficient follow-up of reports Rewarding individuals for reporting incidents Holding individuals accountable Explanation: Incident reporting systems do not function if individuals get punished or rewarded for reports. Also if individuals feel there is no follow-up of reports they get a feeling that it makes no sense reporting incidence.
Components of safety management?
Auditing e.g. internal/external inspections; Management of change e.g. monitoring of safety effects of technical/organizational changes; culture e.g. blaming people vs. blaming system–> improve system; Human factors design.
elements of the risk management process?
Risk assessment Risk control Risk policy Risk strategy Risk management processes usually increase the awareness for risks, even though this is a personal character trait.
Flexible rules are …
Goal and process rules
Risk management is about …
- Defining safety
- Optimizing system control
Target audiences for risk communication in an organisation include…
- Board of Directors
- Customers
- Employees
- Public
In crisis communication it is important to talk about…
- what we know for a fact
- what our audience can expect from us
- when the next information will be available
Question:
The irony of automation means…
Correct Answers:
the more efficient the automated system the more important is human contribution humans are less involved but the involvement becomes more critical back-up and supervisory control is the main function of humans in automated systems
Explanation:
the more efficient the automated system, the more crucial the human contribution of the operators. Humans are less involved, but their involvement becomes more critical →back-up function
Question:
Human Factors design…
Correct Answers:
reduces errors through design of the system tries to design many barriers in the environment so that errors are very unlikely to happen sees the human as part of the system
Question:
What answers describe the Swiss Cheese Model of Reason correctly?
Correct Answers:
An error is a result of weaknesses in multiple individual parts of the system An active failure (accident) can only occur when there have been some latent failures before
