03: Risk and automation

Question 1

Automation: effect on operations n risk

Answer 1

• improve monotonous tasks > less probable errors

- but multiply risk magnitude

Question 2

Automation: effect on ppl

Answer 2

Shift to supervisors n engineers
Less involved (in lower Nrs) but more important!

Question 3

How to cope w rare, big risks of automation?

Answer 3

> prepare w simulation, like Hudson River landing pilot did!

Otherwise humans cope badly w high risk n pressure situations

Question 4

Risk f monotony: how to cope?

Answer 4

• rotate jobs

- break monotony: eg Zurich airport projects fake weapons into suitcases once in a while!

Question 5

Humans vs machines: what best for?

Answer 5

Humans > cope w ill-defined problems

Machines > handle complex but well-defined problems

Question 6

Humans n machines:

Human factors engineering approach

Answer 6

Design in complementary way!

-> see slide

Question 7

Accountability

Answer 7

Still only on humans

Tesla autopilot death: Tesla claims you should still pay attention when on autopilot

Question 8

Safety in (automated) complex systems:
Swiss cheese model

Answer 8

> build many safety layers

> Try to block chains of errors

Question 9

KOMPASS method (Grote)
to analyze automation risk

Answer 9

Look at 3 factors:
1- individual work
2- work system (org)
3- human control of tech