Mid-1800s: North America

Question 1

49ers

Answer 1

A name given to the thousands of people that traveled to California in 1849 from all over the world in search of gold

Question 2

American Civil War

Answer 2

A dispute between the Union in the northern US and the Confederacy of southern US over slavery

Question 3

Clave

Answer 3

Refers to rhythmic patterns that can be played by percussion instruments in Cuban music

Question 4

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 4

A presidential proclamation that changed the legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the secessionist Confederate states from enslaved to free

Question 5

Field Musicians

Answer 5

Field Musicians included the fife-and-drum corps with the marching units and the buglers that accompanied both the cavalry and the infantry

Question 6

Guira

Answer 6

A percussion instrument from the Dominican Republic that is made of a metal sheet (commonly steel) and played with a stuff brush

Question 7

Habanera

Answer 7

A Cuban dance and music that is a version of the Spanish contradanza with added African syncopations and swaying rhythms

Question 8

La Trinitaria

Answer 8

Secret group interested in winning independence from Haiti

Question 9

Merengue

Answer 9

Dance and singing style from the Dominican Republic

Question 10

Mexican-American War

Answer 10

A dispute over the Texas territory that eventually led to the Mexican Cession of much of the Southwestern United States

Question 11

Military Bands

Answer 11

Groups of enlisted musicians that performances as commanding officers inspected and addressed the troops;they would also present regular concerts and entertain soldiers in camp

Question 12

Minstrel Shows

Answer 12

American form of racist theatrical entertainment that often included white people in black face and caricatures of black people

Question 13

Reconstruction Era

Answer 13

The 12 year period after the Civil War during which the US grappled with the challenge of reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded and determined the legal status of the newly freed former slaves

Question 14

Songsters

Answer 14

Books that included lyrics to dozens of popular songs

Question 15

Hispaniola

Answer 15

• Coming into the era, the whole island has been unified as Haiti
• Due to the history of the island, there were two distinct cultures living within Haiti: Haitians and Dominicans
• La Trinitaria: Secret group interested in winning independence from Haiti
• The Dominicans defeated the Haitians and adopted their first constitution
• Merengue: Dance and singing style from the Dominican republic
• With the Meringue developing at the same time as the DOminican independence, it has strong ties to Dominican identity
• Guira: A percussion instrument from the Dominican Republic that is made of a metal sheet and played with a stiff brush
• The Guira plays the “El Caballito” or “Little Horse” rhythm, and drives the pulse

Question 16

Cuba

Answer 16

• Many European dance styles make their way to Cuba, including the Habanera
  The Habanera is a Cuban dance and music that is a version of the Spanish contradanza with added African syncopations and swaying rhythms
  The word clave refers to rhythmic patterns that can be played by percussion instruments in Cuban music

Question 17

Mexico

Answer 17

• Mexico becomes the Centralist Republic of Mexico
• Both Texas and the Yucatan territories would rebel and declare their independence
• The Mexican government believed the United States has instigated the Texas insurrection with the goal of annexation
• The US annexation of Texas led directly to the Mexican-American War
• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war, and Mexico recognized the Mexican Cession

Question 18

United States

Answer 18

• With modern day California now a part of the US, thousands of people traveled there in search of gold and fortune
• 49ers is a name given to the thousands of people that traveled to California in 1849 from all over the world in search of gold
• The American Civil War was a dispute between the Union in the northern US and the Confederacy of the southern US over slavery
• Musicians who played official roles in the military can be divided into two categories: field musicians and members of military bands
• Publishers supplied the troops on both sides with a variety of songsters
• Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
  After the Union defeated the Confederacy, the Reconstruction Era began
  In the Mid 1800s, American popular entertainment consisted of folk music, brass bands and minstrel shows