MID 1 FINAL REVIEW

Question 1

After you have learned about biomolecules, list the elements commonly found in each type of biomolecule.

Question 2

Compare and contrast the types of chemical bonds

Question 3

Explain why biological ionic compounds dissolve in water

Question 4

Define hydrogen bonding. Describe two properties of water that demonstrate hydrogen bonding. Draw these relationships.

Question 5

Describe what makes a molecule hydrophilic. Find an example of a hydrophilic molecule NOT in the lecture video, draw it out, and circle the parts that make it hydrophilic.

Question 6

Describe what makes a molecule hydrophobic. Find an example of a hydrophobic molecule NOT in the lecture video, draw it out, and circle the parts that make it hydrophobic.

Question 7

Describe what makes a molecule hydrophobic. Find an example of a hydrophobic molecule NOT in the lecture video, draw it out, and circle the parts that make it hydrophobic.

Question 8

In biological systems, what determines whether a solution is acidic or basic? Use the definition given in this class, not one that uses OH- concentration.

Question 9

Describe what happens to protons when a biological acid or base is added to water. How does this affect pH?

Question 10

List from memory all seven functional group structures and names, and know which are polar, and which might be charged.

Question 11

List the names of the dehydration reaction associated with each type of biomolecule. Describe what happens in a dehydration reaction.

Question 12

Lookup the carbohydrate starch, and find two different ways of drawing it. Circle the carbons in both drawings.

Question 13

Draw three amino acids as individual molecules, then draw how they would look when linked as a peptide. Mark the N and C terminus of the peptide.

Question 14

Lookup the carbohydrate starch, and find two different ways of drawing it. Circle the carbons in both drawings.

Question 15

Pick a random amino acid and find three different ways of drawing the structure. Find the alpha carbon and R group in each of these drawings.

Question 16

What is the difference between secondary and tertiary structure in proteins? Draw simple pictures of each.

Question 17

From memory, describe the types of biological molecules found in the cell membrane. Draw a simple picture showing these molecules in a membrane.

Question 18

Compare passive and active transport. Provide two examples of each.

Question 19

Describe what parts of biological molecules would be found inside the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, and what parts of biological molecules would be on the outer or inner surface of the lipid bilayer. Draw an explanatory diagram.

Question 20

Define a hypertonic and hypotonic solution using only the amount of solute, not by the behavior of a cell in the solution.

Question 21

What type of transport is cotransport - passive or active? Why?

Question 22

What type of transport is endocytosis and pinocytosis - passive or active? Why?

Question 23

Write out the steps of the sodium potassium pump with a simple diagram from memory.

Question 24

Where is sodium concentration higher in living organisms, extracellular or intracellular fluids? Why?

Question 25

Explain which variables are discrete and which are continuous

Question 26

Explain what type of figure it is (bar, line, scatter, other)

Question 27

Be able to describe the steps of the epinephrine-GPCR pathway from memory and by drawing a simple diagram.

Question 28

How does a cell make a lysosome? How is this similar and different to how a cell exports a protein hormone like insulin?

Question 29

Describe the components of a ribosome and explain from memory how one is manufactured and assembled