Microtaxonomy: Species Concept and Towards Speciation

Question 1

deals with the classification of organisms

Answer 1

macrotaxonomy

Question 2

procedures that look at evolutionary factors

Answer 2

gamma taxonomy

Question 3

deals with demarcation of a species (what makes a species a species)

Answer 3

microtaxonomy

Question 4

steps in taxonomical study that deals with procedures for recognition and description of species

Answer 4

alpha taxonomy

Question 5

procedures done to classify the species in a hierarchical system

Answer 5

beta taxonomy

Question 6

this is done in alpha taxonomy because available specimens do not adequately cover the suspected geographic range of the certain species

Answer 6

collection

Question 7

proof that specimen is existing

Answer 7

voucher specimens

Question 8

done in alpha taxonomy to verify if specimen is novel

Answer 8

verification

Question 9

A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Answer 9

species

Question 10

relies only on similarities and differences between present organisms

Answer 10

phenetic

Question 11

describes pathways of ancestry and how these characters of organisms arose in evolution

Answer 11

phylogenetic

Question 12

states that a species is a community whose distinctive morphological characters are sufficiently definite to entitle it to a specific name; you call it a species if these individuals looks similar

Answer 12

Morphological Species Concept

Question 13

mimic resembles a model that is poisonous or unpleasant to eat

Answer 13

Batesian Mimicry

Question 14

species look the same because of same geographical conditions

Answer 14

Sympatric Species

Question 15

2 or more equally poisonous or distasteful species that have a similar color pattern

Answer 15

Mullerian Mimicry

Question 16

states that a species is a group of potentially or actually interbreeding individuals who are reproductively isolated from other groups;
a set of individuals who reproduced new individuals that are similar to themselves are the same species;
species are those who can reproduce and is incapable to mate with different species

Answer 16

Biological Species Concept

Question 16

states that an evolutionary species is a lineage evolving separately from others with its own unitary evolutionary role and tendencies

Answer 16

evolutionary species concept

Question 17

smallest diagnosable monophyletic group of populations within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent; members of a species share derived characters and treated as evidence of descent

Answer 17

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Question 19

Through this, two gene pools can no longer adapt together

Answer 19

Reproductive isolating mechanism

Question 20

position where there exist different truths; no one truth; best way to define species

Answer 20

pluralism

Question 21

prevents mating from occurring; before fertilization

Answer 21

Pre-zygotic isolating mechanism

Question 22

organisms are isolated biologically by time (ex. breeding season)

Answer 22

temporal isolation

Question 23

collection of organisms that includes all descendants and its most recent ancestor

Answer 23

monophyletic group

Question 23

organisms are isolated biologically by time (ex. breeding time)

Answer 23

temporal isolation

Question 25

RSM wherein species are in the same geographic area but different habitats (ex. aquatic and terrestrial snakes)

Answer 25

Habitat isolation

Question 26

RSM where there is little or no sexual attraction between males and females; diff courtship rituals

Answer 26

Behavioral Isolation

Question 27

Prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable, fertile adults

Answer 27

Post-zygotic isolating mechanism

Question 28

Hybrid zygotes fail to develop or fail to reach sexual maturity (ex. plants produce hybrid seeds but they don’t germinate)

Answer 28

Reduced hybrid viability

Question 30

RSM where there is structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

Answer 30

Mechanical Isolation

Question 30

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes; no reproductive continuity (ex. male donkey * female horse = mule, healthy but sterile)

Answer 30

Reduced hybrid fertility

Question 31

RSM where sperm cannot fertilize eggs (ex. in aquatic species)

Answer 31

Gametic Isolation

Question 32

1st gen hybrids are viable and fertile but offspring have reduced viability/fertility

Answer 32

Hybrid breakdown

Question 33

formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Answer 33

speciation

Question 34

model of speciation

• other homeland
• Populations begin to diverge when gene from between them is restricted / genetic divergence

Answer 34

Allopatric Speciation

Question 35

Model of evolution
Phyletic evolution
One species replaces another
Pattern of evolution that results in linear descent with NO BRANCHING or splitting of the population

Answer 35

Anagenesis

Question 36

aka paleospecies bc fossil remains that they leave are present in more than one geologic time horizon; very little changes from ancestor to descendants

Answer 36

chronospecies

Question 37

Model of evolution
Branching evolution
When a new species branches out from a parent species
Evolutionary change and diversification resulting from the branching off of a new taxon from common ancestral lineages

Answer 37

Cladogenesis

Question 38

term for species in parapatric speciation

Answer 38

ring species

Question 39

often the first step in allopatric speciation

Answer 39

Geographic isolation

Question 40

model of speciation

• same homeland
• Occurs in geographically overlapping populations when biological factors, such as chromosomal changes and nonrandom mating, reduce gene flow

Answer 40

Sympatric Speciation

Question 41

model of speciation
2 separate regions occur with a zone of hybridization where the two sub-populations overlap
This small contact zone may be the result of unequal dispersal or distribution, incomplete geographical barriers

Answer 41

Parapatric Speciation