Microtaxonomy: Species Concept and Towards Speciation Flashcards

1
Q

deals with the classification of organisms

A

macrotaxonomy

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2
Q

procedures that look at evolutionary factors

A

gamma taxonomy

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3
Q

deals with demarcation of a species (what makes a species a species)

A

microtaxonomy

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4
Q

steps in taxonomical study that deals with procedures for recognition and description of species

A

alpha taxonomy

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5
Q

procedures done to classify the species in a hierarchical system

A

beta taxonomy

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6
Q

this is done in alpha taxonomy because available specimens do not adequately cover the suspected geographic range of the certain species

A

collection

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7
Q

proof that specimen is existing

A

voucher specimens

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8
Q

done in alpha taxonomy to verify if specimen is novel

A

verification

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9
Q

A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

A

species

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10
Q

relies only on similarities and differences between present organisms

A

phenetic

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11
Q

describes pathways of ancestry and how these characters of organisms arose in evolution

A

phylogenetic

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12
Q

states that a species is a community whose distinctive morphological characters are sufficiently definite to entitle it to a specific name; you call it a species if these individuals looks similar

A

Morphological Species Concept

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13
Q

mimic resembles a model that is poisonous or unpleasant to eat

A

Batesian Mimicry

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14
Q

species look the same because of same geographical conditions

A

Sympatric Species

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15
Q

2 or more equally poisonous or distasteful species that have a similar color pattern

A

Mullerian Mimicry

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16
Q

states that a species is a group of potentially or actually interbreeding individuals who are reproductively isolated from other groups;
a set of individuals who reproduced new individuals that are similar to themselves are the same species;
species are those who can reproduce and is incapable to mate with different species

A

Biological Species Concept

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16
Q

states that an evolutionary species is a lineage evolving separately from others with its own unitary evolutionary role and tendencies

A

evolutionary species concept

17
Q

smallest diagnosable monophyletic group of populations within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent; members of a species share derived characters and treated as evidence of descent

A

Phylogenetic Species Concept

19
Q

Through this, two gene pools can no longer adapt together

A

Reproductive isolating mechanism

20
Q

position where there exist different truths; no one truth; best way to define species

21
Q

prevents mating from occurring; before fertilization

A

Pre-zygotic isolating mechanism

22
Q

organisms are isolated biologically by time (ex. breeding season)

A

temporal isolation

23
Q

collection of organisms that includes all descendants and its most recent ancestor

A

monophyletic group

23
Q

organisms are isolated biologically by time (ex. breeding time)

A

temporal isolation

25
RSM wherein species are in the same geographic area but different habitats (ex. aquatic and terrestrial snakes)
Habitat isolation
26
RSM where there is little or no sexual attraction between males and females; diff courtship rituals
Behavioral Isolation
27
Prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable, fertile adults
Post-zygotic isolating mechanism
28
Hybrid zygotes fail to develop or fail to reach sexual maturity (ex. plants produce hybrid seeds but they don't germinate)
Reduced hybrid viability
30
RSM where there is structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer
Mechanical Isolation
30
Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes; no reproductive continuity (ex. male donkey * female horse = mule, healthy but sterile)
Reduced hybrid fertility
31
RSM where sperm cannot fertilize eggs (ex. in aquatic species)
Gametic Isolation
32
1st gen hybrids are viable and fertile but offspring have reduced viability/fertility
Hybrid breakdown
33
formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
speciation
34
model of speciation - other homeland - Populations begin to diverge when gene from between them is restricted / genetic divergence
Allopatric Speciation
35
Model of evolution Phyletic evolution One species replaces another Pattern of evolution that results in linear descent with NO BRANCHING or splitting of the population
Anagenesis
36
aka paleospecies bc fossil remains that they leave are present in more than one geologic time horizon; very little changes from ancestor to descendants
chronospecies
37
Model of evolution Branching evolution When a new species branches out from a parent species Evolutionary change and diversification resulting from the branching off of a new taxon from common ancestral lineages
Cladogenesis
38
term for species in parapatric speciation
ring species
39
often the first step in allopatric speciation
Geographic isolation
40
model of speciation - same homeland - Occurs in geographically overlapping populations when biological factors, such as chromosomal changes and nonrandom mating, reduce gene flow
Sympatric Speciation
41
model of speciation 2 separate regions occur with a zone of hybridization where the two sub-populations overlap This small contact zone may be the result of unequal dispersal or distribution, incomplete geographical barriers
Parapatric Speciation