Microtaxonomy: Species Concept and Towards Speciation Flashcards

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1
Q

deals with the classification of organisms

A

macrotaxonomy

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2
Q

procedures that look at evolutionary factors

A

gamma taxonomy

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3
Q

deals with demarcation of a species (what makes a species a species)

A

microtaxonomy

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4
Q

steps in taxonomical study that deals with procedures for recognition and description of species

A

alpha taxonomy

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5
Q

procedures done to classify the species in a hierarchical system

A

beta taxonomy

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6
Q

this is done in alpha taxonomy because available specimens do not adequately cover the suspected geographic range of the certain species

A

collection

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7
Q

proof that specimen is existing

A

voucher specimens

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8
Q

done in alpha taxonomy to verify if specimen is novel

A

verification

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9
Q

A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

A

species

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10
Q

relies only on similarities and differences between present organisms

A

phenetic

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11
Q

describes pathways of ancestry and how these characters of organisms arose in evolution

A

phylogenetic

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12
Q

states that a species is a community whose distinctive morphological characters are sufficiently definite to entitle it to a specific name; you call it a species if these individuals looks similar

A

Morphological Species Concept

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13
Q

mimic resembles a model that is poisonous or unpleasant to eat

A

Batesian Mimicry

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14
Q

species look the same because of same geographical conditions

A

Sympatric Species

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15
Q

2 or more equally poisonous or distasteful species that have a similar color pattern

A

Mullerian Mimicry

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16
Q

states that a species is a group of potentially or actually interbreeding individuals who are reproductively isolated from other groups;
a set of individuals who reproduced new individuals that are similar to themselves are the same species;
species are those who can reproduce and is incapable to mate with different species

A

Biological Species Concept

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16
Q

states that an evolutionary species is a lineage evolving separately from others with its own unitary evolutionary role and tendencies

A

evolutionary species concept

17
Q

smallest diagnosable monophyletic group of populations within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent; members of a species share derived characters and treated as evidence of descent

A

Phylogenetic Species Concept

19
Q

Through this, two gene pools can no longer adapt together

A

Reproductive isolating mechanism

20
Q

position where there exist different truths; no one truth; best way to define species

A

pluralism

21
Q

prevents mating from occurring; before fertilization

A

Pre-zygotic isolating mechanism

22
Q

organisms are isolated biologically by time (ex. breeding season)

A

temporal isolation

23
Q

collection of organisms that includes all descendants and its most recent ancestor

A

monophyletic group

23
Q

organisms are isolated biologically by time (ex. breeding time)

A

temporal isolation

25
Q

RSM wherein species are in the same geographic area but different habitats (ex. aquatic and terrestrial snakes)

A

Habitat isolation

26
Q

RSM where there is little or no sexual attraction between males and females; diff courtship rituals

A

Behavioral Isolation

27
Q

Prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable, fertile adults

A

Post-zygotic isolating mechanism

28
Q

Hybrid zygotes fail to develop or fail to reach sexual maturity (ex. plants produce hybrid seeds but they don’t germinate)

A

Reduced hybrid viability

30
Q

RSM where there is structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

A

Mechanical Isolation

30
Q

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes; no reproductive continuity (ex. male donkey * female horse = mule, healthy but sterile)

A

Reduced hybrid fertility

31
Q

RSM where sperm cannot fertilize eggs (ex. in aquatic species)

A

Gametic Isolation

32
Q

1st gen hybrids are viable and fertile but offspring have reduced viability/fertility

A

Hybrid breakdown

33
Q

formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

A

speciation

34
Q

model of speciation

  • other homeland
  • Populations begin to diverge when gene from between them is restricted / genetic divergence
A

Allopatric Speciation

35
Q

Model of evolution
Phyletic evolution
One species replaces another
Pattern of evolution that results in linear descent with NO BRANCHING or splitting of the population

A

Anagenesis

36
Q

aka paleospecies bc fossil remains that they leave are present in more than one geologic time horizon; very little changes from ancestor to descendants

A

chronospecies

37
Q

Model of evolution
Branching evolution
When a new species branches out from a parent species
Evolutionary change and diversification resulting from the branching off of a new taxon from common ancestral lineages

A

Cladogenesis

38
Q

term for species in parapatric speciation

A

ring species

39
Q

often the first step in allopatric speciation

A

Geographic isolation

40
Q

model of speciation

  • same homeland
  • Occurs in geographically overlapping populations when biological factors, such as chromosomal changes and nonrandom mating, reduce gene flow
A

Sympatric Speciation

41
Q

model of speciation
2 separate regions occur with a zone of hybridization where the two sub-populations overlap
This small contact zone may be the result of unequal dispersal or distribution, incomplete geographical barriers

A

Parapatric Speciation