Microsomal Enzyme Induction

Question 1

What are the drugs that interact with DNA and what do they increase the synthesis of?

Answer 1

Many drugs, insecticides and carcinogens interact
with DNA and increase the synthesis of
microsomal enzyme protein, especially cytoch-
rome P-450 and UGTs

Question 2

What medications are known to induce CYP3A

Answer 2

A: Anticonvulsants (phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine)

R: Rifampin

P: Glucocorticoids

Question 3

Apart from inducing CYP3A, which other cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme family is induced by phenobarbitone

Answer 3

CYP2B1

Question 4

Which drug is known to induce CYP2D6?

Answer 4

Rifampin

Question 5

Which drugs or substances are known inducers of CYP2E1?

Answer 5

Isoniazid and chronic alcohol consumption are known inducers of CYP2E1.

Question 6

Which polycyclic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke, charcoal-broiled meat, omeprazole, and industrial pollutants are known to induce CYP1A isoenzymes?

Answer 6

Polycyclic hydrocarbons like 3-methylcholanthrene and benzopyrene found in cigarette smoke, charcoal-broiled meat, omeprazole, and industrial pollutants are known to induce CYP1A isoenzymes.

Question 7

Which medications, including phenylbutazone, griseofulvin, and DDT, are considered important enzyme inducers?

Answer 7

Phenylbutazone, griseofulvin, and DDT are considered important enzyme inducers. They can induce various cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes and affect the metabolism of drugs and other substances in the body

Question 8

Are there any known drug interactions or adverse effects associated with the induction of CYP1A enzymes by omeprazole

Answer 8

Omeprazole, a medication used for acid reflux and stomach ulcers, is known to induce CYP1A enzymes. This can potentially lead to drug interactions with other medications that are substrates of CYP1A, resulting in altered drug levels and effects.

Question 9

What is the reason behind different inducers affecting the metabolism of certain drugs but not others

Answer 9

Different drugs are metabolized by specific CYP isoenzymes. Inducers interact with and increase the activity of specific isoenzymes. Therefore, an inducer may impact the metabolism of drugs that are substrates for those specific isoenzymes but not others.

Question 10

Can you provide an example of a drug that may be affected by microsomal enzyme induction?

Answer 10

Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) are an example of drugs that may be affected by microsomal enzyme induction. Induced enzymes can accelerate the metabolism of the active components in oral contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness and potentially leading to contraceptive failure.