Iv route of administration Flashcards
The drug is injected as a ______ or infused slowly over hours in one of the _________ veins. The drug reaches directly into the ______ _______ and effects are produced __________ (great value in emergency)
Bolus
Superficial
Blood stream
Immediately
Why can highly irritant drugs be injected i.v. despite the insensitivity of the veins’ intima?
The intima (inner lining) of veins is insensitive, allowing for the injection of highly irritant drugs. Additionally, the drug gets diluted with blood upon injection, which helps minimize potential irritation.
What are the hazards associated with i.v. drug administration?
The hazards of i.v. drug administration include the development of thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the injected vein) and the risk of tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs (the drug leaks into surrounding tissues). Diluting the drug or injecting it into a running i.v. line can help minimize these complications.
What types of solutions are suitable for i.v. injection?
Only aqueous solutions (not suspensions) should be injected i.v. to avoid the risk of embolism caused by drug particles. Depot preparations (slow-release formulations) are not available for this route of administration.
What is the risk associated with air embolism during i.v. drug administration?
.
There is a risk of causing air embolism (air bubbles entering the bloodstream) if proper precautions are not taken during i.v. drug administration
Why is the required dose of a drug smallest when administered intravenously, and what is meant by 100% bioavailability?
When a drug is administered intravenously, it directly enters the bloodstream, resulting in the smallest required dose. Bioavailability refers to the fraction of the administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged. In the case of i.v. administration, bioavailability is considered 100% since the drug bypasses any absorption or first-pass metabolism processes.
What advantage does the i.v. route offer when the drug’s response is accurately measurable and the drug is short-acting?
The i.v. route allows for titration of the drug dose based on the response because it produces immediate effects. This is particularly advantageous when the drug’s response can be accurately measured, such as blood pressure, and when the drug has a short duration of action.
What is the main risk associated with the i.v. route of drug administration?
The main risk of i.v. drug administration is that vital organs like the heart and brain are exposed to high concentrations of the drug, which can lead to potential adverse effects or toxicity.
