Microscopy Flashcards
A system of accurately ground lenses
arranged to give sharp, clear, magnified
images of minute objects.
Microscope
technology of making very small
things visible to the naked eye
Microscopy
Inventor of the first
compound microscope in 1608.
Zacharias Janssen
What year did Zacharias Janssen invented the first compound microscope?
1608
What are the Lenses, Objective, and how long it is to be held by hand?
▪ Lenses: Bi-convex
▪ Objective: Plano-convex
▪ 2.5 ft long,
the process of enlarging
something only in appearance. related to
scaling up visuals or images to be able to see
more detail.
Magnification
the ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure ability to distinguish two points a specified distance apart
Resolving Power
when two substances have
a different index of refraction, the light will
bend as it passes from one material to
another
Refractive Index
Regarded as the Father of
Microscopy
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
One lens; Leeuwenhoek
Simple Microscope
First to observe Bacteria and
Protozoa using his microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Magnifies images from 100x to
300x
Simple microscope
Series of lenses
Compound Microscope
Uses visible light to observe specimen
Light Microscopy
Specimen appears against a bright
background
Brightfield Microscopy
Use: various stained specimens
Brightfield Microscopy
Special condenser with opaque disk.
Light enters the objective lens
Darkfield Microscopy
Use: for microorganisms which cannot
be stained
Darkfield Microscopy
Uses condenser with annular
diaphragm which allows direct light to
pass through the condenser
Phase Contrast
Use: detailed examination of internal
structures; does not require staining
Phase Contrast
Uses a UV or near-UV source of
illumination
Fluorescence
Use: observation of natural
fluorescence and
immunofluorescence
Fluorescence
Uses different refractive indexes to
produce image
Differential Interference
Use: provides 3D images of samples
Differential Interference
Light source and condenser is on top,
above the stage
Inverted
Use: observation of living cells under
more natural conditions
Inverted
Beam of electrons instead of light
Electron Microscopy
Greater resolving power
Electron Microscopy
Electrons are reflected from the
specimen; magnifies 1,000 to 10,000X
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Use: study of surface features of cells
and viruses
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
the Scanning Electron Microscope magnifies..
1000 to 10,000x
Electrons pass through the specimen;
magnifies 10,000 to 100,000X
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Use: examination of viruses or internal
ultrastructure in thin sections of cells
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) magnifies…
10,000 to 100,000x
Uses a thin metal probe that scans a
specimen
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
Measures the deflection of a laser beam
aimed at the tip of a probe that travels across
the surface of the specimen
Atomic Force Microscopy
Use: reveals bumps and depressions of
atoms on surface of specimen
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
Use: visualization of individual
molecules and atoms
Atomic Force Microscopy
Used to contain cultures of
microorganisms.
Screw-capped Tubes
Used to protect substances from
contamination.
Screw-capped Tubes
Used to make broth, agar deep and
agar slant.
Screw-capped Tubes
Detects production of gas by
microorganisms.
Durham Fermentation Tube
Simpler than Durham tube, same use.
Smith Fermentation Tube
Used to make agar plates for
microbiology study.
Petri Dish
Used to measure liquids to a precise
volume.
Volumetric Flask
May also be used for storing liquids
Volumetric Flask
Has a single graduation
Volumetric Pipette
Delivers one specific volume
accurately.
Volumetric Pipette
AKA blow-out pipettes
Serologic Pipette
Calibrated all the way to the
tip so the last drop of the
solution will have to be blown
out of the pipette.
Serologic Pipette
Has no 0 mL mark
Serologic Pipette
Easier to deliver liquids with smaller
volumes with precision and accuracy.
Pipettor
Tips are disposable
Pipettor
Used to observe specimens for a long
time because they do not dry up very
quickly.
Hanging Drop Slide
motility of an organism can be
observed.
Hanging Drop Slide
AKA smear loop, inoculation wand,
microstreaker
Inoculating Loop
used to retrieve and transfer
an inoculum from a culture of
microorganisms
Inoculating Loop
mainly used to pick a single colony
(pure) and transfer in an agar slant
(stab and streak method)
Inoculating Needle
Used to contain test tubes
Racks
Uses dry heat to sterilize heat-stable
materials
Hot Air Sterilizer
For sterilization of media and other
materials affected by moisture
Hot Air Sterilizer
Uses moist heat or steam under
pressure
Autoclave
For sterilization of media and other
materials affected by moisture
Autoclave
Not sterile
Drying Oven
CANNOT be used to sterilize culture
media
Drying Oven
For drying specimens and lab
apparatus or glassware
Drying Oven
used for growing bacterial cultures or
providing suitable conditions for a
chemical or biological reaction.
Incubator
It is used in the microbiological lab for
incubations or enabling chemical
reactions to occur at higher
temperatures
Water Bath
Storage for culture media
Refrigerator
Preserves the morphological
characteristics of microorganisms
while arresting their growth
Refrigerator
