Microscopy Flashcards
instrument that magnifies objects that are too small to be seen
microscope
produces an image that appears larger
microscope
used to magnify an image of an object
lens
microscope parts can be classified as
mechanical/supporting
magnifying
illuminating
parts of microscope that is used to support and adjust the parts
mechanical/supporting
parts of the microscope that is used to enlarge the specimen
magnifying
part of the microscope that is not only used to provide light but to see a clear image of the object being magnified
illuminating
label the parts of the microscope (refer to picture in your gallery)
labeled all parts correctly - 5 points
lower a level after each incorrect answer
also known as ocular lenses, typically 10x, but also come in 5x, 15x, and 20x varieties
eyepiece
adjustable so that you can keep both eyes when looking into the microscope
interocular distance
also called revolving nosepiece or turret, structure holds the objective lenses
nose piece
lens closes to the object being viewed
objective lenses
varieties of ocular lenses
5x
10x
15x
20x
area is the main, flat plate that holds the slides for observation
stage
most useful at higher powers, typically a five hole disc housed under the stage to adjust the amount of light passing through the stage opening
diaphragm
each opening of the diaphragm is a different diameter controlling how much light passes through to
- help properly illuminate the specimen
- increasing contrast and resolution
bottom support structure of the microscope
base
main section of the microscope minus the stand or any illuminators
body
generally include the eyepiece, objective lenses, but no the focusing block
body
the area of the microscope between the tube and the base
arm
controls the power to the microscope
on/off switch
the larger of two adjustment knobs that moves the objective lenses closer or farther away from the specimen in large steps
coarse adjustment knob
the smaller of two adjustment knobs moves the object lenses closes or farther away from the specimen in very small steps
fine adjustment knob
the mechanical stage allows for adjustment of slide position, forward, backward, and left to right
stage adjustment knob
different magnifications of objective lenses
4x
10x
40x
100x
scanner
4x
low power
10x
high power
40x
oil immersion
100x
specifically designed to be used with immersion oil
100x oil immersion objective
]
how to calculate the total magnification
eyepiece power x power of the objective lens
serves as a bridge between the lens and glass plate containing the specimen
oil
can cause some of the light to be lost when using the lens without immersion oil
refraction
the process of enlarging something only in appearance, not in physical size
magnification
two lens system
ocular lens, objective lens
also known as resolution, is the ability of a lens to show adjacent objects as separate entities
resolving power
circular observable area which is largest on the lowest power objective then closes in towards the center as you increase power
field of view (FOV)
required for efficient magnification and resolving power
illumination
greatest on the lowest power objective, reduced when switching to a higher power
depth of focus
how to use a compound microscope
1 . place the microscope at least 6 inches away from the edge of the table
2. unwind the cord and plug it
3. check the LPO (or scanner) into position, check if the condenser is below the stage and move the stage into its highest position
4. turn on the light source and adjust to a medium setting
5. put the prepared slide on the stage and move it in the center of the stage
6. center to the field of view the specimen you want to magnify
7. go from scanner to lpo to hpo and oio
8. after using, lower the stage and remove the slide, wipe of the cedar oil with lens paper
9. shift the scanner into the position
10. turn off the light source, unplug and wrap the power cord
how to care for your microscope
- carry the microscope in an upright position
2.keep the microscope at least 6 inches away from the edge of the table - never play with the microscope
- keep the microscope clean and dry
- before putting away, make sure scanner is in te working position
- do not pull on the wire when removing the plug
- return the microscope carefully
kinds of microscope
Brightfield
Darkfield
Phase-Contrast
Fluorescent
Electron
microscope that contains two lens systems for magnifying specimens: ocular lens and objective lens
brightfield microscope
what light is used to illuminate specimens in a brightfield microscope
tungsten light
microscope where the specimens appear dark against a bright background
brightfield microscope
microscope where condenser system is modified so that the specimen is not illuminated directly
darkfield microscope
in darkfield microscopes, condenser directs the light in what direction so that the light is deflected or scattered
obliquely
observation of microorganism in an unstained state is possible, includes special objectives and condenser that makes cellular components visible
phase-contrast microscope
appears dark against a light background`
phase-contrast microscope
used most frequently to visualize specimens that are chemically tagged with a fluorescent dye
fluorescent microscope
detection of antigen-antibody reactions where antigen are conjugated with a dye that becomes excited in the presence of UV light
fluorescent microscope
becomes visible against a dark background
fluorescent portion
provides a revolutionary method of microscopy, with magnifications up to one million
electron microscope
used for visualizing surface characteristics instead of intracellular structures
electron microscope
require specimens that are thinly prepared, fixed, and dehydrated
electron microscope
how to compute for the HPO field diameter (HPF)
HPF = Magnification (LPO)/ Magnification (HPO) * LPF
