Microscopic Anatomy of the Airways Flashcards

1
Q

4 key functions of the respiratory system

A

Inspiration and exhalation of air
Gas exchange
Olfaction
Phonation

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2
Q

What type of epithelium is in the airways

A

Respiratory epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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3
Q

3 types of cells in resp epithelium

A

Ciliated columnar cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells

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4
Q

2 layers of airway lining fluid

A

Mucus layer

Periciliary layer

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5
Q

Mucus is produced by…

A

Goblet cells

Seromucus glands

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6
Q

4 layers of trachea

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage
Adventitia (loose CT)

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7
Q

2 changes that happen when the bronchi enter the lungs

A

Rings of cartilage are replaced by irregular cartilage plates
There is a circular layer of smooth muscle

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8
Q

5 layers of the bronchi

A
Mucosa
Muscularis
Submucosa
Cartilage
Adventitia
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9
Q

3 changes that occur as the intrapulmonary bronchi become smaller

A

The amount of cartilage decreases
Respiratory epithelium becomes reduced in height
Layer of smooth muscle

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10
Q

2 changes that make bronchi into bronchioles

A

No cartilage

No submucosal glands

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11
Q

Club cells

A

Non-ciliated, dome shaped
In smaller bronchioles
Lung protective functions (surfactant, detox, inflammation control, make enzymes to breakdown mucus, and lyzosyme)

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12
Q

Differences between main bronchi and intrapulmonary bronchi

A

Main: irregular plates of cartilage, smooth muscle, numerous seromucous glands in submucosa
Intrapulmonary: cartilage reduced as airway gets smaller, smooth muscle, seromucous glands only in larger airways, resp epithelium reduced in height as airways get smaller

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13
Q

Epithelium in bronchioles

A

Simple columnar and simple cuboidal

Club cells replace goblet cells

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14
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Do both air conduction and gas exchange

Alveoli extend from lumen

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15
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

Thin squamous cells
Large surface area to facilitate gas exchange
Linked by tight junctions
Cover 95% of alveolar surface

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16
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

Cuboidal cells that are more numerous but cover only 5% of the alveolar surface
Secrete surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse

17
Q

Dust cells

A

Alveolar macrophages
Found in septum and air space of alveoli
Combat infection