Intro to Infectious Diseases

Question 1

5 benefits of the microbiome

Answer 1

Digest food
Make essential vitamins
Host defense
Prevent colonization
Metabolic function

Question 2

3 main anaerobic bacteria in the microbiome

Answer 2

Fusobacterium
Bacteroides
Prevotella

Question 3

Are most bacteria in the microbiome anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 3

Anaerobic

99% of all cultureable bacteria

Question 4

1 disease causing bacteria that live in:

1. Mouth
2. Upper GI
3. Genitourinary

Answer 4

1. Viridans streptococci
2. Helicobacter pylori
3. Lactobacilli (vagina)

Question 5

2 disease causing bacteria in the lower GI tract

Answer 5

Bacteroides

E. coli

Question 6

2 disease causing bacteria on the skin

Answer 6

Staph aureus

Staph epidermidis

Question 7

4 disease causing bacteria in the naso/oropharynx

Answer 7

Haemophilus
Moraxella
Pneumococcus
Mycoplasma

Question 8

4 barriers to infection in the skin

Answer 8

Microbial (microbiome)
Chemical (lysozyme and sweat)
Physical (epidermis)
Immunological (immune system)

Question 9

3 functions of mucus

Answer 9

Traps bacteria, viruses and foreign material
Has antimicrobial properties (lysozyme, IgA)
Lubricates and protects

Question 10

What is the main bacteria you’ll get infected with if you have a deficiency in

1. B cells
2. Phagocytes
3. Complement

Answer 10

1. Pneumococcus
2. Staphylococcus
3. Neisseria

Question 11

5 ways for microbes to evade the immune system

Answer 11

Intracellular invasion
Capsule
Antigenic variation
Immune modulation
Immune privileged sites

Question 12

6 signs and symptoms of infection

Answer 12

Fever (>38 degC)
Chills, rigor, sweats
Signs of inflammation (pain, redness, swelling, pus)
Lymphadenopathy
Weight loss, fatigue, poor energy, appetite
Typical skin changes or rash

Question 13

3 main things that cause fever

Answer 13

Infection
Malignancy
Autoimmune

Question 14

3 main things that caused the increase in life expectancy

Answer 14

Improved hygiene
Vaccines
Antibiotics