microscopic

Question 1

name the order of cast types

Answer 1

hyaline, cellular, granular, waxy

Question 2

which crystals are mainly seen in acidic pH?

Answer 2

uric acid, calcium oxalate, cystine

Question 3

uric acid crystal

Answer 3

acidic pH, crystaline structure, normal

Question 4

calcium carbonate crystals

Answer 4

alkaline pH, dumbbell shape, normal

Question 5

triple phosphate crystals

Answer 5

alkaline pH, coffin lid, normal

Question 6

calcium oxalate crystals

Answer 6

acidic pH, maltese cross, normal (increase with kidney stones)

Question 7

cystine crystals

Answer 7

acidic pH, hexagonal shape, abnormal

Question 8

ammonium biurate crystals

Answer 8

alkaline pH, thorn apple, normal

Question 9

cholesterol crystals

Answer 9

any pH, notched rectangles, abnormal

Question 10

leucine crystals

Answer 10

any pH, yellow-brown spheres, abnormal

Question 11

tyrosine crystals

Answer 11

any pH, thin clump of needles, abnormal

Question 12

sulfa crystals

Answer 12

any pH, sheaves of needles- wheat, abnormal

Question 13

calcium phosphate crystals

Answer 13

alkaline pH, flat rectangles/ thin rosettes, normal

Question 14

bilirubin crystals

Answer 14

acidic or neutral pH, granules & clumped needles, abnormal

Question 15

the main protein in casts

Answer 15

tamm horsfall protein

Question 16

which casts are abnormal?

Answer 16

cellular, granular, waxy

Question 17

cellular casts are indicative of what?

Answer 17

bleeding, infection, tubular damage

Question 18

which casts are indicative of end stage renal disease?

Answer 18

fatty casts/ oval bodies

Question 19

which is the largest epithelial cell?

Answer 19

squamous

Question 20

lots of squamous epithelial cells is indicative of what?

Answer 20

poor collection

Question 21

large amount of transitional epithelial cells is indicative of what?

Answer 21

inflammation

Question 22

large amounts of renal epithelial cells is indicative of what?

Answer 22

tubular necrosis, renal disease

Question 23

this crystal is associated with gout

Answer 23

uric acid

Question 24

this crystal is associate with kidney stones

Answer 24

calcium oxalate

Question 25

the difference between amorphous urates and amorphous phosphates is…

Answer 25

pH

Question 26

what differentiates RBC from yeast?

Answer 26

budding/ hyphae

Question 27

+ protein macroscopically= what microscopically?

Answer 27

casts, WBC, 3-4+ mucus

Question 28

+ blood macro. = what micro.?

Answer 28

RBC (if not = lysed/ myoglobin/yeast)

Question 29

RBCs seen micro but no + blood macro.?

Answer 29

vit c interference

mis ID yeast

Question 30

+ nitrate macro = what micro?

Answer 30

bacteria

Question 31

which casts correlate with tubular destruction and chronic renal failure?

Answer 31

broad casts

Question 32

fatty cast are indicative of…

Answer 32

nephrotic syndrome

Question 33

wbc casts are most likely seen with…

Answer 33

pyelonephritis

Question 34

rbc casts are most likely seen with..

Answer 34

glomerulonephritis